Ap World History Vocab Ch. 5-7

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Roman Republic

Back 1

the period 507 to 31 BCE. which the government of Rome consisted. of two consuls, aristocratic Senate, and several assemblies. civic officials were elected each year ordinary. citizens also elected their representatives but the votes of wealthy classes counted for more than the votes of poor citizens

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Roman Senate

Back 2

a council whose memebers were the heads of the wealthy land owning families initially an advisory body to the early kings center of political power during the republic period in the first century BCE rivalry among powerful and ambitious senators and failure to address social and economic problems led to civil wars and the emergence of the rule of the emperors

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Roman Principate

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term for Roman government during the first three century of the empire period

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Augustus

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honorific name for Octavian. after defeating his rivals Octavian Augustus established his control over the empire and laid tje foundation for several centuries of peace and prosperity (Pax Romana)

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equities

Back 5

in ancient Italy prosperous landowners second on wealthand status to the senatorial aristocracy used equities to staff imperial civil service

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Pax Romana

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Roman peace. 31-180 CE

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third-century crisis

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in Roman empire period of frequent changes of rulers, civil wars, barbarian invasuons, decline of urban centers and long-distance trade emperor dicoletian temporarily saved the empire from collapse through some fundamental reforms

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constantine

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roman emperor who moved the capital to Constantinople officially stopped the persecution of Christians

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Byzantine Empire

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eastern portion of the roman empire that survived the fall of Rome and evolved to become its own state with the capital in Constantinople was conquered by the ottoman Turks in
1453

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gentry

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im china the class of prosperous families next in wealth below the aristocrats from whom the Chinese emperors drew their administrative personnel

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monsoon

Back 11

seasonal. winds in the indian ocean characterized by strong and predictable winds they also bring large amounts of rainfall to some parts of India

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karma

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in Indian tradition the force generated by person's good and. bad actions that determines how the person will ne reborn in the next life the concepts of Karma and reincarnation were used by the elite in ancient india to encourage people to accept their social positions and do their duty

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Mahayana Buddhism

Back 13

branch of Buddhism followed in china, Japan and central Asia the Focus is on reverence for Buddha and for bodhisattvas, enlightened persons who have postponed nirvana to help others attain enlightment

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Mauryan Empire

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4th to 2nd centuries BCE the first state to unify most of the indian subcontinent, grew wealthy from taxes on agriculture iron mining and control of trade routes

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Ashhoka

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third ruler of the Mauryan Empire in India converted to buddhism preached nonviolence, mortality and religious tolerance his proclomations were inscribed on rocks and pillars throughout the empire

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Gupta Empire

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a powerful indian state 3rd to 6th centuries CE. controlled most of indian subcontinent through a combination of military. force and prestige as a center of sophisticated culture

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parthian Empire

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major political and cultural power 3rd century BCE to 3rd century CE on territory of present-day Iran competed with Rome for the influence in the region declined due to internal struggles and wars with Rome

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sasanid empire

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iranian empire succeeded the parthian Empire 3rd-7th centuries CE established Zoroastrianism as the state religionband conquered by Arab Armies

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steppes

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treeless plains covered covered with coarse grass good for nomads (Eurasua,Africa)

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savanna

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tropical or subtropical grassland sub-saharan Africa , south America

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"great traditions "

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complex of religious and social beliefs and practices followed by in diverse societies over a broad geographical area

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"small traditions"

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localized usually nonliterate, set of customs and beliefs followed in a single society

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Bantu

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collective name for a large group of sub-saharan African language and of the people speaking languages

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Romanization

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the spread of the latin language and Roman Culture in the western provinces of the Roman Empire (Gaul/france, Spain)

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theater-state

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state that acquires prestige and power by developing attractive culture and staging impressive public ceremonies as well as redistributing valuable resources in order to bind subjects to the center and prevent rebellion (gupta empire)

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Malay peoples

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name for the people who originated in south china and southeast Asia settled the Malay peninsula Indonesia and Philippines. and spread eastward across the islands of the Pacific and west of the Madagascar