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60 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Bills of Exchange

similar to checks and promissory notes. They can be drawn by individuals or banks and are generally transferable by endorsements


Caravanserai

an inn with a central courtyard for travelers in the desert regions of Asia or North Africa.

Flying money

chinese credit insturment that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency

Hanseatic League

a commercial and defensive confederation of merchant guilds and their market towns. It dominated Baltic maritime trade (c. 1400-1800) along the coast of Northern Europe

Berbers

a member of an indigenous people of North Africa. The majority of Berbers are settled farmers or (now) migrant workers.

Bantu-speaking people

used as a general label for the 300–600 ethnic groups in Africa who speak Bantu languages. They inhabit a geographical area stretching east and southward from Central Africa across the African Great Lakes region down to Southern Africa

Diasporic communities

immigrants who have relocated from their ancestral homelands and retain their distinct cultural identities as ethnic minority groups in their new host countries


Sogdian merchant communities

an urban people who lived to the west of the Uighurs that exhibited cosmopolitan enthusiasm for Buddhist teachings, religious arts from northern India, and a mixture of East Asian and Islamic taste in dress

Xuanzang

Chinese Buddhist monk

Neo-Confucianism

a movement in religious philosophy derived from Confucianism in China around AD 1000 in response to the ideas of Taoism and Buddhism

Dar al-Islam

religious conceptualization of the world as belonging either to Muslim or non-Muslim territory, exists within Islam

Junks

Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula

Sills Kingdom of Korea

Independent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies; submitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled united Korea by 668

Chimor

centered on capital of Chan-Chan; emerged as most powerful small state between 900; conquered by Inca

Tributes

A system in which, from the time of the Han Empire, countries in East and Southeast Asia not under the direct control of empires based in China nevertheless enrolled as tributary states, acknowledging the superiority of the emperors in China

Al-Andulas

Arabic name given to a nation in the parts of the Iberian Peninsula governed by Muslims

Delhi Sultanates

the kingdom established by Mahmud's succesors to spread islam in India

Tithe

one tenth of annual produce or earnings, formerly taken as a tax for the support of the church and clergy

Manorialism

the social and economic system by which the lord of the manor exploits his landed estate and the peasants who work on the manor

Gothic Architecture

Style ofarchitecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period

Investiture

controversy Dispute between the popes and the Holy Roman Emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands.


Shinto

a Japanese religion dating from the early 8th century and incorporating the worship of ancestors and nature spirits and a belief in sacred power (kami ) in both animate and inanimate things

Tea ceremony

an elaborate Japanese ritual of serving and drinking tea, as an expression of Zen Buddhist philosophy

Noh theater

Japanese theatrical form and one of the oldest extant theatrical forms in the world

Shogun

a hereditary commander-in-chief in feudal Japan. Because of the military power concentrated in his hands and the consequent weakness of the nominal head of state (the mikado or emperor), the shogun was generally the real ruler of the country until feudalism was abolished in 1867.

Steppe diplomacy

The skill of political survival and dominance in the world of steppe nomads; it involved the knowledge of tribal and clan structure and often used assassination to achieve its goals


Bushido

the code of honor and morals developed by the Japanese samurai

Shogunate

one of a line of military governors ruling Japan

Bushi

BushiRegional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies. Helped weaken the Imperial power of Japan during the Postclassical Period

Khan

a title given to rulers and officials in central Asia, Afghanistan, and certain other Muslim countries

Shariah

Islamic canonical law based on the teachings of the Koran and the traditions of the Prophet (Hadith and Sunna), prescribing both religious and secular duties and sometimes retributive penalties for lawbreaking. It has generally been supplemented by legislation adapted to the conditions of the day, though the manner in which it should be applied in modern states is a subject of dispute between Islamic fundamentalists and modernists

Zakat

obligatory payment made annually under Islamic law on certain kinds of property and used for charitable and religious purposes

Boyars

a member of the old aristocracy in Russia, next in rank to a prince

Metropolitan

Head of the Russian Orthodox hurch;

Minaret

a tall slender tower, typically part of a mosque, with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer

Arabesque

an ornamental design consisting of intertwined flowing lines, originally found in Arabic or Moorish decoration

Umma

the whole community of Muslims bound together by ties of religion

Ayatollah

a Shiite religious leader in Iran

Mamluks

meaning "property" or "owned slave" of the king

Hadith

a collection of traditions containing sayings of the prophet Muhammad that, with accounts of his daily practice (the Sunna), constitute the major source of guidance for Muslims apart from the Koran

People of the book

Jews and Christians as regarded by Muslims

Ramadan

the ninth month of the Muslim year, during which strict fasting is observed from sunrise to sunset

Ka'aba

Kaabadefinition: a black stone building in Mecca that is shaped like a cube and that is the most sacred Muslim pilgrim shrine

Hijrah

the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina to escape persecution

Hajj

the Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca that takes place in the last month of the year, and that all Muslims are expected to make at least once during their lifetime

Edict of Milan

letter signed by the Roman emperors Constantine and Licinius, that proclaimed religious toleration in the Roman Empire. The letter was issued in 313, shortly after the end of the persecution of Christians by the emperor Diocletian

Kamikaze

(in World War II) a Japanese aircraft loaded with explosives and making a deliberate suicidal crash on an enemy target.

Bakufu

it came to be used for the system of government of a feudal military dictatorship, exercised in the name of the shogun; this is the broader meaning conveyed by the term "shogunate"

Jurchen

were a Tungusic people who inhabited the region of Manchuria until the 17th century, at which point they began referring to themselves as the Manchu people

Battle of Tours

European armies defeat Muslim armies and stop the spread of Islam in Europe.


Harem

(in former times) the separate part of a Muslim household reserved for wives, concubines, and female servants.

Purdah

the practice among women in certain Muslim and Hindu societies of living in a separate room or behind a curtain, or of dressing in all-enveloping clothes, in order to stay out of the sight of men or strangers

Chinampas

Is a method of Mesoamerican agriculture which used small, rectangular areas of fertile arable land to grow crops on the shallow lake beds in the Valley of Mexico.

Guilds

a medieval association of craftsmen or merchants, often having considerable power

Mit'a

was mandatory public service in the society of the Inca Empire

Commercial revolution

period of European economic expansion, colonialism, and mercantilism which lasted from approximately the late 13th century until the early 18th century. It was succeeded in the mid-18th century by the Industrial Revolution.

Benefice

a permanent Church appointment, typically that of a rector or vicar, for which property and income are provided in respect of pastoral duties

Magna Carta

a charter of liberties to which the English barons forced King John to give his assent in June 1215 at Runnymede. 2. : a document constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges.

Parliament

the highest legislature, consisting of the sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons.

Moldboard plow

a holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance