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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Big Geography
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the global nature of World History
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Paleolithic Period
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also known as the Stone Age; humans migrated from Africa to the rest of the world
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Hunter-Forager Societies
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egalitarian societies that hunted and foraged foods
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Archaeology
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the study of artifacts
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Nomadic
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constantly on the move
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Economics
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the way in which people create the products they consume to fuel their societies
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Cultural Diffusion
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people exchange people (marriage), ideas, and goods
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Patriarchy
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male-dominated societies; forced labor systems
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Pastoralism
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nomadic herding
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Neolithic Revolution
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transition from hunter-foraging to settled agriculture
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Flora and Fauna
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plants and animals
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Surpluses of Food
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more reliable and abundant food supplies; effect of pastoralism and agriculture
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Specialization of Labor
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protection of food and farmers; includes new classes of artisans and warriors and the development of elites
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Specialized Technology
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technological innovations such as pottery, plows, woven textiles, metallurgy, wheels and wheeled vehicles
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Elite Groups
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groups that accumulated wealth and power
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Bereaucracies
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large specialized governments, armies, and religious hierarchies
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Cycle of Civilizations
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Food Surplus 👉 Increase in Population 👉 Specialization in Labor 👉 Advanced Technology 👉 Better Farming Technology 👉 Repeat
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Polytheism
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the worship of many gods; acquired by the earliest societies
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Pantheon
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the polytheistic gods from a certain region
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Animism
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based on the concepts of spirits who live in and control the natural world (Africa, Pacific Islands, and Asia)
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Shamanism
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based on a belief that there are multiple spirit worlds (Central Asia, Siberia and the Anericas)
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Vedas
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literally translated means "knowledge"
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Rig-Veda
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oldest Veda which is made up of 1000 hymns and stories about the gods
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Aryans
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brought the Vedas to the sub-continent as early as 4500 B.C.E
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Judaism
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emerged among the Middle Eastern people know as the Hebrews; first MONOTHEISTIC (one god) faith
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Ten Commandments
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outlined the basis of beliefs
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Torah
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"teaching;" the first five books of the Hebrew scriptures (TANAKH)
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Zoroastrianism
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early form of monotheism founded in ancient Persia by the priest ZOROASTER (ZARATHUSTRA) around 500 B.C.E.
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Ahura Mazda
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the single god that Zoroastrians worshipped; son Mithra; enemy Ahriman (the god of darkness)
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REQUIRED EXAMPLES: Foundational Civilizations
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•Mesopotamia in the Tigris and Euphrates River Valleys
•Egypt in the Nile River Valley •Mohenjo-Daro and Harrapa in the Indus River Valley •Shang in the Yellow River or Huang He Valley •Olmecs in Mesoamerica •Chavin/Moche in Andean South America |
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Systems of Record Keeping
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•Cuneiform (World's First Writing System): Mesopotamia
• Hieroglyphics/Pictigraphs: Egypt/Harrapa/Olmec-Maya/Shang-China •Alphabets: Phoenicians (World's First Alphabet) Quipu: Andean Civilization-Chanvin/Moche/Inca |
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Citadel
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a fortress that protects or dominates a city
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Sanskrit
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the oldest language in India; many northern Indian languages are derived from Sanskrit
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Civilizations
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large societies with cities and powerful states
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