Ap World History Review Cards

Front 1

Prehistory vs. History

Back 1

No accounts vs. written records

Front 2

Civilization

Back 2

Social etiquette, religion, education, literature

Front 3

Hominid development

Back 3

Austrolopithecus, homo habilis, homo erectus, homo sapiens

Front 4

“Out of Africa” thesis

Back 4

Humans originated from Africa and proliferated

Front 5

Paleolithic Era vs. Neolithic Era

Back 5

"Old Stone" Age vs. "New Stone" Age

Front 6

foraging societies

Back 6

Nomadic, small communities and population, no political system, economic distribution is more equal

Front 7

nomadic hunters/gatherers

Back 7

Move place to place according to environment; adapts to environment

Front 8

Neolithic Revolution

Back 8

Farming uses; start of agriculture

Front 9

shifting cultivation

Back 9

process by which people take an area of land to use for agriculture, only to abandon it a short time later

Front 10

metallurgy and metalworking

Back 10

the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements and their mixtures, which are called alloys. craft and practice of working with metals to create parts or structures

Front 11

Fertile Crescent

Back 11

a region in the Middle East incorporating present-day Israel, West Bank, and Lebanon and parts of Jordan, Syria, Iraq and south-eastern Turkey.

Front 12

Gilgamesh

Back 12

Sumerian Epic of a king's quest to achieve immortality.

Front 13

Hammurabi’s Law Code

Back 13

Sumerian law code. Very harsh (death and mutilation were common punishments) and favored upper classes. First idea that a systematic law should govern, not the arbitrary whims of a ruler.

Front 14

Cuneiform

Back 14

Wedge-shaped characters used by Sumerians. First written language.

Front 15

Egypt

Back 15

the civilization of the Lower Nile Valley, between the First Cataract and the mouths of the Nile Delta, from circa 3300 BC until the conquest of Alexander the Great in 332 BC. As a civilization based on irrigation, it is the quintessential example of a hydraulic empire.

Front 16

Old Kingdom

Back 16

(2575 - 2134 BCE)Basic politics of Egypt formed

Front 17

Middle Kingdom

Back 17

(2040 - 1640 BCE) More powerful and culturally dynamic Egypt

Front 18

New Kingdom

Back 18

(1532 - 1070 BCE) With Ramses II, rebelled against Hyksos rule. More territory.

Front 19

First Intermediate Period

Back 19

(2134 -2040 BCE) Started by civil war.

Front 20

Second Intermediate Period

Back 20

(1640 - 1532 BCE) Hyksos invaded and conquered.

Front 21

Egyptian Book of the Dead

Back 21

common name for the ancient Egyptian funerary texts. Constituted a collection of spells, charms, passwords, numbers and magical formulas for use by the deceased in the afterlife, describing many of the basic tenets of Egyptian mythology. They were intended to guide the dead through the various trials that they would encounter before reaching the underworld. Knowledge of the appropriate spells was considered essential to achieving happiness after death.

Front 22

pyramids

Back 22

tombs for egyptian kings.

Front 23

Indus valley civilization

Back 23

an ancient civilization thriving along the Indus River and the Ghaggar-Hakra river in what is now Pakistan and western India. The Indus Valley Civilization is also sometimes referred to as the Harappan Civilization of the Indus Valley, in reference to its first excavated city of Harappa

Front 24

Downfall of Indus

Back 24

Possible conquest by invaders, such as the Aryans. However, scientists claim it to environmental factors: drying of rivers, erosion, etc.

Front 25

Downfall of Egypt

Back 25

Internal disorder and foreign invasions.

Front 26

Early China

Back 26

Xia (myth?), Shang, Zhou, Warring States Period, Qin, Han, Sui

Front 27

Shang Dynasty

Back 27

(1700s - 1000s BCE) Rose on Yellow River. Shang expanded territory. Traded jade, ivory, and silk. Written language of pictograms. Religion was ancestor worship and fortune-telling.

Front 28

Zhou Dynasty

Back 28

(1000s - 221 BCE) Started long decline around 800s. Iron tools and weapons used more often. Ruler ruled by Mandate of Heaven. 2nd half of this dynasty was occupied by civil war "Warring States Period."

Front 29

Qin Dynasty

Back 29

(221 - 206 BCE) Ruled by Shi Huangdi.