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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did Thomas Paine urge the British colonists to support in his pamphlet 'Common Sense' |
A movement for independence from Britain |
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The US Declaration of Independence was a combination of what two things |
Ideals of John Locke (social contract) and a list of charges against Britain |
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What did Britain agree to recognize in the Treaty of Paris |
Independence of the US |
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What did the US Constitution create and what did it guarantee |
Created a federal government, guaranteed individual liberties like freedom of speech |
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Explain what was so controversial about the way in which the Estates of France were taxed |
The first two estates didn't have to pay taxes but were most wealthy |
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List two changes revolutionaries wanted in the Declaration of Rights of Man |
Proclaimed "liberty, equality, and fraternity", prohibited social distinctions, and created a constitutional monarchy |
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What occurred during the period of the French Revolution known as The Terror |
Enemies of the revolution were ruled out, jailed, and killed (including the king and queen) |
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List three reforms Maximilien Robespierre made in France before he was executed |
Outlawed Christianity, change the calendar, and gave women more rights |
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List the three religious groups in France that Napoleon made happy |
Catholics, Jews, and Protestants |
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List three of the negative practices of Napoleon during his reign in France |
Limited free speech, used spies, and took away women's rights |
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In 1812, Napoleon made a disastrous invasion of what country |
Russia |
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What happened to Napoleon at Waterloo |
He is defeated by the British and Prussian armies |
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What is Toussaint Louverture's significance to world history |
He was a free slave who built an organized, disciplined army of gen de coleur (freed slaves) and maroons (escaped slaves) who attacked French landowners (Haitian Revolution) |
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Why did European leaders lose control of their colonists in early 1800s America |
They were concerned with stopping Napoleon instead of controlling people in the Americas |
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What did Simon Bolivar hope to accomplish |
Independence for northern South America |
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Why was Brazil able to remain wealthy under the rule of Prince Pedro |
Slavery |
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Explain the differences between conservatism and liberalism in the 1800s |
Conservatism was the idea that societies develop slowly and must be protected from radical or revolutionary ideas while liberalism was the idea that change is both normal and required and will bring about equality and freedom |
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List three reasons why slavery largely came to an end between 1780 and 1890 |
Enlightenment and religious leaders were critical of it, and the cost of protecting people from slave revolts made slavery too expensive |
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Who were migrants |
Cheap workers (especially from India and China) who moved across the globe to replace slaves |
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What happened to Russia's serfs in 1861 |
They still did the agricultural work until they were emancipated in 1861 and they would remain poor and impoverished |
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Define "nationalism" |
The belief that people belong to a distinctive national community |
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What did Otto von Bismarck believe would define German nationalism |
"Blood and iron" |
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Define "anti-semitism" |
Hatred of Jews that was a direct result of nationalism (especially in Germany) |
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What was Zionism |
Theodr Herzl wanting to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine where Jews could live and be safe |
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The Enlightenment challenge what long-held belief about women |
That they are inferior to men |
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What began in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848 |
Modern feminist movement |
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What did the feminist movement begin to focus on in the 1870s |
Suffrage (women's right to vote) |
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What group of people were bitterly opposed to the feminist movement |
Conservative men |
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List the four things that increased in industrialized countries |
Urbanization, empire building, globalization, and populations |
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Where did the Industrial Revolution begin |
Britain |
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Why were the improvements James Watt made to the steam engine so important |
They now replaced water power in textile mills |
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List three ways in which steamships and steam locomotives changed the economies of industrialized countries |
Now connected to textile mills through waterways and railroads, this led to a reduction in shipping costs and cheaper goods |
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List four reasons why historians believe the Industrial Revolution began on the continent of Europe |
Luck, Europeans were the "middle men" in trade between the two hemispheres, capitalism encouraged change and innovation, raw materials were available in the Americas and could be easily shipped to your |
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What was it about Britain's government that made it the starting point for the Industrial Revolution |
It had a stable government that promoted science, knowledge, and economic innovation |
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List three natural resources Britain had that made it an ideal location for industrialization |
coal and iron ore, water |
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What makes a country a "dependent nation" |
A country that did not industrialize |
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List four things that had increased in Britain by 1800 as a result of industry |
Rapid development of railroads, increasing mining and services, decreased focus on agriculture, decreased focus on small family textile businesses (the "putting out system"), and creation of more affordable goods |
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Which group of people typically benefited the most from industry |
Middle class |
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List three groups that, thanks to industry, became more important than the nobility |
Factory owners, manufacturers, businessman, bankers and investors |
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Who were the service sector workers |
Middle class clerks and secretaries who made up 20 percent of Britain's population |
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What's for problems found in industrial cities |
Overcrowded, filled with pollution, human waste, and raw sewage in the streets and rivers, diseases (Cholera, tuberculosis), crime, gambling, drinking, and prostitution were rampant |
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Who were socialists |
Critics who disliked the working conditions and inequalities of factory life |
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What did Karl Marx believe was causing all of the world social problems |
Capitalism |
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Why were corporations developed in the United States |
To fund new industries through investments in stock markets |
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According to Karl Marx, how would capitalism and private property eventually be abolished |
A violent revolution led by industrial workers |
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List the three inventions that helped facilitate the destruction of Native American culture in North America |
Railroads, the Gatling gun, and barbed wire |
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List 3 things that fueled the 'culture of consumption" in the United States |
Advertising, catalogs, and department stores |
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Why did Americans prefer progressivism over socialism |
It was slower and nonviolent |
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Why did Alexander II free Russia serfs |
So they can work in factories and make money |
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What did the intelligentsia of Russia push for |
Socialism and reform |
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What were pogroms |
Attacks on Jews that forced many to move to Europe and America |
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List three of the goals of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia |
Police control, oppression of his enemies, and territorial expansion |
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Why did the Creole elites of Latin America not industrialize |
Their goal was to control land for agriculture and ranching |
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Explain the concept of "machismo" |
Social ethic that honored male strength and aggression |
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List four reforms that were part of Benito Juarez' "La Reforma" in Mexico |
Wanted to limit the Catholic Church's power, granted universal male suffrage, limited power of the military, and created freedom of the press |
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Why did the Mexican Revolution occur and what was the result |
There was a lot of famine among peasants, so they fought against the landowners, over 1 million died |
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List four reasons why the Industrial Revolution fueled European expansion |
Created a demand for raw materials and agricultural products, need for markets in which to sell European goods and allow capitalists to invest in them, foreign market created jobs for Europeans, nationalism stressed expansion |
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List four things that connected growing European empires |
Steamships, the Telegraph, canals (Suez and Panama), and railroads |
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List four advancements that gave Europeans a military advantage over other regions in the 1800s |
Gunpowder, repeating rifles, the Maxim gun, and artillery on ships |
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Describe the political and cultural benefits of industry and empire |
Political benefits were that nations could acquire strategic locations across the world. Cultural benefits were that its spread education, health care, good government, and Christianity to the "weaker" races |
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Explain the difference between imperialism and capitalism |
Industry and trade resides in the state rather than private owners |
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What was "carved up" at the Berlin Conference |
Africa and the Pacific |
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Why was Singapore colonized |
To link British bases between the Indian Ocean and South China Sea |
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What did most Latin American countries become dependent upon |
US companies investing there |
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Name the country that created the world's largest empire in the 1800s |
Britain |
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Why did the Indian Rebellion occur and how was it resolved |
Mutiny by the sepoys over lack of British sensitivity towards their culture, Britain crushed the revolt and established direct rule |
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What type of government was typically set up in a colony |
Dictatorship |
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What wasn't accepted "norm" under colonization |
Racism |
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Explain the cultivation system and give an example of it |
Using colonized farmers to give up some of their crops as taxes (Dutch used peasants in Indonesia) |
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Why did Belgium's King Leopold colonize the Congo Free State |
A source of rubber |
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Who fought in the Boer War and what were they fighting over |
Bloody battle between Afrikaners (Dutch) and the British over diamonds and gold in Southern Africa |
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Give an example of seasonal migration an example of permanent migration |
An example of seasonal migration is the Japanese migrants in Hawaii, permanent migration is Indian migrants to South Africa |
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The Boer War eventually led to the creation of what modern state |
South Africa |
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Explain how indentured servitude work |
People sign a contract to work in a foreign land. They were given transportation, room, board, and wages in return for 7 years of labor |
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What were "ethnic enclaves" |
Places like Chinatown |
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List four problems that existed within ethnic enclaves |
Segregation, unsanitary conditions, overcrowding, and large numbers of poor people |
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What religion became popular around the world as a result of European colonialism |
Christianity |
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List six inventions that changed people's lives in the late 1800s |
Bicycle, automobile, airplane, light bulb, telephone, and radio |
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List 4 developments that helped to prevent illness in the late 1800s |
Sanitation system, soaps, disinfectants, and vaccinations |
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List three popular forms of entertainment in the late 1800s |
Newspapers, theaters, and sports |
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Why was the Opium War fought and what did it show the world |
British ships attack China and show how far behind China's military was |
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What was the goal of the Taiping Rebellion and what was the result |
Revolutionary attempt to take land, redistribute it to peasants, develop free public education, & end foot binding. The Qing army killed 30 million of the peasants |
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What was the Self-Strengthening Movement designed to accomplish in China |
Modernize China |
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Who were the Boxers and what was the result of the rebellion |
A violent anti-foreigner group, they were defeated |
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List four problems the Ottoman Empire was encountering in the 1800s |
Military losses to Europe, a lack of modernization, economic shift to the Atlantic Ocean, Sultans were losing power to local warlords |
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What consequence resulted from Muhammad Ali's decision to industrialize Egypt |
They became dependent on European loans |
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List four goals of the Young Turk Party |
Hoped for universal suffrage, compulsory education for both men and women, freedom for women, & a modern, secular state |
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What slowed down the plans of the Young Turk Party |
World War 1 |
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What is a sphere of influence |
A region in which a foreign nation has control over trade |
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What was the purpose of Matthew Perry's "gunship diplomacy" |
To bring Japan out of its isolation and create a US sphere of influence |
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What was the Meiji Restoration |
Japan's return to Imperial Government and a new sense of "westernization" |
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Who was given unchecked power under the Meiji Restoration and what group was abolished as a result of the Meiji Restoration |
The Emperor was given unchecked power and the samurai were abolished and shot |
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List 3 "Western" ideas that developed in Japan as it modernized |
Clothing, hairstyles, and books |
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Unlike Egypt, Japan modernized without doing what |
Acquiring foreign debt |
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What group (besides the samurai) suffered the most under Japanese modernization |
Urban workers, peasants |
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By 1895, what was the focus of Japan's society |
Military |
