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293 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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name for three classes of french society
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estates
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people had none of these before revolution
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individual rights
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traditional political and social system of france before the revolution
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old regime
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committee that directed the army
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committee of public safety
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wave of killing from 1793-94
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reign of terror
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clergy and nobles didnt pay these
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taxes
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foreign event that strongly influenced french thinking
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american revolution
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intellectuel movement that strongly influenced french thinking about reform
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enlightenment
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method of getting soldiers for the army
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draft
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instrument used for execution
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guillotine
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class of people most in favor of change
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middle class
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foreign war that drained the french treasury in the 1770's
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American Revolutionary War
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what the 3rd estate declared themselves to be in 1789
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national assembly
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vast territory that napoleon sold in in 1803 to raise money for his army
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louisiana
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fate of louis xvi and his wife
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beheaded
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wife of french king, charming and irresponsible
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marie antoinette
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body called to meet for the first time in 175 years
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estates-general
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pledge taken by the 3rd estate to write a constituuion
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tennis court oath
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term for napoleons blockade of the british isle
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continental system
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government of 5 directors under the 3rd constition
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the directory
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members of the 1st estate
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clergy
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french king before and during the revolution
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louis xvi
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type of govt set up by the constituion of 1791
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constitutional monarchy
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parisian fort taken by a mob on july 14, 1789
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bastille
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leader of extreme radicals, assassinated in bath
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marat
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memebers of the 2nd estate
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nobles
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number of votes each estate had in estates-general
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one
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national assembly took away this institutions land
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church
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slogan of the revolution
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liberty, equlaity and fraternity
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the 2 leaders of the radical jacobins
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robospierrre & danton
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members of the 3rd estate
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everyone else
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site of the costly french court
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versailles
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document that stated the revolution's principles
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decalrations of the rights of man
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source of govt authority, according to the declalration
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the people
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two countries that invaded france in 1789
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austria & prussia
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type of ruler napoleon was from 1799-1814
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dictator
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napoleons new title from 1804 on
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emperor
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new, uniform system of french civil laws
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napoleonic code
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huge eastern european country napoleon invaded in 1812
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russia
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natural phenomenon that helped defeat napoleon in russsia
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severe winter
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this body had no power under napoleon
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legislature
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people napoleon often placed on the thrones of conquered states
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his relatives
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the 2 revoltuionary rights napoleon took away from the people
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freedom of press, speech
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napoleons final defet
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waterloo
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napoleons most severe military disaster, 1812-13
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retreat from moscow
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napoleon concentrated authority to create this type of govt
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strong central govt
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napoleon fought british forces in this african country
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egypt
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napoleons conquests spread ideas of this movement throughout europe
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french revolution
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napoleons conquests promoted the growth of this feeling
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nationalism
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people who were barred from important british positions in asia
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india
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the minority religious group in india
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muslims
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early european traders along the Se asian coast
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portuguese & dutch
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type of govt established in china by the revolution of 1912
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republic
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leader of the revolution against the manchus
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sun yat-sen
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the two rivals religious groups
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hindus and muslims
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this encouuraged indian ideas about nationalism, democracy, and socialism
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british education
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country that took control of burma
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great britain
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ruling dyansty from 1644-1911
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Qing (manchu)
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chinese term for treaties china was forced to sign
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unequa treaties
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how the british saw themselves as compared with indians
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superior
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reformer and scholar, often called the founder of indian nationalism
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ram mohan roy
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the only independent state (a kingdom) of SE asia
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siam
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war opened china to increased british rule
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opium war
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rebellion that weakened the manchus
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taiping rebellion
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the british policy of divide and rule worked well bc india had so many of these
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states
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native indian troops
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sepoys
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todays name for siam
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thailand
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nation that defeated china in a war of 1894-95
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japan
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foreign policy of japan before imperialism
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isolation
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ruling british govt official of india
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viceroy
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group that favored indian self rule
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indian national congress
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term or the french-controlled nations of SE asia
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french indochina
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northern area of russia wanted control of
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manchuria
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japan developed a surplus of this as it industrialized
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population
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european country with a near monopoly on indian trade in the 1500's
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portugal
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what the first european traders came looking for
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spices
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basic foreign policy of the ruling dynasty
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isloation
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US backed policy of giving all nations equal trading rights in china
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open door policy
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japan had to import these important items
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raw materials and food
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two major factors that prevented indian unity
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caste system & religious differences
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2 beverage products SE asia became an important source of
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coffee & tea
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drug that british introduced to china
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opium
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movement to drive all foreigners out of china
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boxer rebellion
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japan's respose to western contact
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indstrialization
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japan annexed this country in 1910, renaminng it chosen
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korea
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country that gained control of the suez canal in 1875
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great britain
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major river that flows through the sudan
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nile
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dutch settlers in southern africa
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boers
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seaport established by the dtch in 1652
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cape town
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canal built in egypt
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suez canal
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2 beverage products SE asia became an important source of
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coffee & tea
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drug that british introduced to china
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opium
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movement to drive all foreigners out of china
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boxer rebellion
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japan's respose to western contact
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indstrialization
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japan annexed this country in 1910, renaminng it chosen
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korea
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country that gained control of the suez canal in 1875
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great britain
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major river that flows through the sudan
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nile
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dutch settlers in southern africa
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boers
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seaport established by the dtch in 1652
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cape town
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canal built in egypt
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suez canal
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empire that controlled most of north africa in the 1800's
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ottoman empire
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large lake bordering uganda
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lake victoria
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man largely responsible for expansion of british power in southern africa
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cecil rhodes
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war between the british and dutch settlers
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boer war
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dry region that was the southern boundary of north africa
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sahara desert
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belgiums large colony in west-central africa
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belgian congo
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ethiopian emperor whose army crushed the invading italians
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menelik II
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gems found in cape colony
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diamonds
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language of the boers
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afrikaans
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seas connected by the suez canal
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Med. & Red Seas
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person who was the first european "owner" of the congo basin area
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king leopold II
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renowned zulu warrior and chief of the early 1800's
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shaka
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discovery of this cauused a rush of people to the transvaal
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gold
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official policy of south african govt that seperated the people
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apartheid
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industry where the industrial rev began
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textile
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parts that fit any example of a particular product
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interchangeable parts
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the industrial rev chief means of land transportation
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railroad
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working class children had no time for either of these 2 activities
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school & playing
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refusals to work in order to gain demands
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strikes
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where workers made cloth before industrial rev
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at home
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englishman who found how to make steel from iron
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bessemer
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invention that sent electrical impulses over wire
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telegraph
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working conditions in factories
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noisy, dirty, and dangerous
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new shorter workday for textile mills
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10 hours
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factories were located next to these
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rivers
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material that replaced iron in machines
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steel
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improved transportation was necessary to move these items
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raw materials & finished produucts
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workers who were paid lower wages
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women & children
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living standards improved when these became available to workers
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cheap factory goods
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where workers worked after the industrial rev began
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factories
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material that replaced charcoal for smelting iron
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coal
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new form of personal transportation that first hit the roads in late 1800's
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automobile
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what the proletariat had to sell in order to live
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their labor
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system in which the public owned means of production
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socialism
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scotiish engineer who improved the steam engine
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watt
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fencing off of formerly common land in england
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ecnlosure system
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class that increased and gained political power during the industrial revoltuion
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middle class
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new groups that ran the factories, neither owners nor laborers
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managers
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type of labor most in demand at factories
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unskilled
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this replaces water as a major source of power
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steam
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type of power that replaced wind on ships
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steam
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class created by the indstrial rev
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working class
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type of labor limited by early reform laws
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child labor
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great fear of urban factory workers
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umemployent
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manufactire of standard goods in large quantities
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mass production
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waterways built to connect cities and rivers
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canals
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centers of population that grew rapidly during the industrial rev
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cities
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workers associations allowed in england after 1824
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trade unions
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condition of air and water in cities
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polluted
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social class that lost power as industrial rev continued
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aristocrats
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normal length of the industrial working week
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6-7 days
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developer of "scietific socialism"
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marx
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economic theory of meaning "let do" favored by business owners
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laissez-faire
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cities grew up around these
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factories
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buildings that housed many people
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tenements
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marx's famous pamphlet
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the communist manifesto
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average length of the industrial working day
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12-14 hours
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people who owned the means of production
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capitalists
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groups that were in opposition under capitalismaccording to marx
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capiltalist and workers
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desire to unite all people with a common langage, race, and culture under a single govt
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nationalism
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the assassin was a nationalist of this ethnic group
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serbs
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new armored vehicle
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tank
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group that suffered almost as much loss of life as the armed forces during the war
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civilians
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german policy that drew the US into thewar
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unrestricted submarine warfare
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the move to establish overeas empires , this resulted in increased rivalries
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imperialism
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country whose heir to the throne was assassinated
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austria-hungary
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new airborne weapon
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airplane
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woodrow wilson's statement of allied aims for the war
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14 points
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event that caused russia to drop out of the war
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russian revolution
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glorification of and reliance on armed strength
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militarism
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the assassin was a nationalist of this ethnic group
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serbs
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new armored vehicle
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tank
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group that suffered almost as much loss of life as the armed forces during the war
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civilians
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german policy that drew the US into thewar
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unrestricted submarine warfare
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the move to establish overeas empires , this resulted in increased rivalries
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imperialism
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country whose heir to the throne was assassinated
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austria-hungary
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new airborne weapon
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airplane
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woodrow wilson's statement of allied aims for the war
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14 points
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event that caused russia to drop out of the war
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russian revolution
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glorification of and reliance on armed strength
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militarism
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the assassin was a nationalist of this ethnic group
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serbs
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new armored vehicle
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tank
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group that suffered almost as much loss of life as the armed forces during the war
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civilians
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german policy that drew the US into thewar
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unrestricted submarine warfare
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the move to establish overeas empires , this resulted in increased rivalries
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imperialism
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country whose heir to the throne was assassinated
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austria-hungary
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new airborne weapon
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airplane
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woodrow wilson's statement of allied aims for the war
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14 points
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event that caused russia to drop out of the war
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russian revolution
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glorification of and reliance on armed strength
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militarism
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the assassin was a nationalist of this ethnic group
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serbs
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new armored vehicle
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tank
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group that suffered almost as much loss of life as the armed forces during the war
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civilians
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german policy that drew the US into thewar
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unrestricted submarine warfare
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the move to establish overeas empires , this resulted in increased rivalries
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imperialism
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country whose heir to the throne was assassinated
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austria-hungary
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new airborne weapon
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airplane
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woodrow wilson's statement of allied aims for the war
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14 points
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event that caused russia to drop out of the war
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russian revolution
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glorification of and reliance on armed strength
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militarism
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nation that wanted to create a slavic state
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serbia
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new form of chemical warfare
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poison gas
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germany had to pay these payments for war damages
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reparations
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secret message that otraged americans
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zimmerman note
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hidden nonpublic agreement among nations to help eachother
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secret alliances
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slavic nation, mjor power, supported Pan-Slavism
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russia
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soldiers protected themselves from machine gunfire and artillery in these
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trenches
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by signing the treaty, germany admitted this
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war guilt
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international organization created by the peace treaties
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league of nations
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ordering of reserve miltary forces into active service
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mobilization
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leader assassinated in 1914
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Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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american presidentt who lead the US at the peace conference
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woodrow wilson
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members of the triple alliance
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germany, austria-hungary, & italy
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major country that never joined the league
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united states
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european nations engaged in this race to build their strength
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arms race
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neutral country invaded by germany
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belgium
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site of the peace conference
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versailles
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memebers of the triple entente
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france, russia, great britain
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3 empires that had fallen by 1919
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russia, ottoman, austria-hungary
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site of the 1914 assassination that triggered the war
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sarajevo
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new rapid fire weapon
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machine gun
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germany lost all of these posestions unders the treaty
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colonies
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"the powder keg of europe"
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the balkans
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far east nation that declared war as britains ally
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japan
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the 3 major axis powers
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germany, italy, japan
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whenn japan bombed this naval base, the US entered war
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pearl harbor
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term for hitler's war against the jews
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holocaust
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term for the day of the allied landings in france
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D-day
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italy's dictator
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mussolini
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english statesman elected to replace chamberlain
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winston churchill
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country that dissappeared when the soviet union moved into it in 1939
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poland
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european beaches where the allies landed in 1944
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normandy
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hitler committed sicide during the battle for this city
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berlin
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geremany's dictator
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hitler
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major allied country taken by hitler in june 1940
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france
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terrifying new weapon first used on august 6, 1945
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atomic bomb
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the period of heaviest german bombing of great britain
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battle of britain
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US policy of supplying britain wth war materials on credit
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lend-lease
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ethinic group hitler especially despised
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jews
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hitler's attack on this country started WWII
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poland
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first japanese city hit by the new bomb
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hiroshima
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soviet city, site of tremendous 6 month battle
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stalingrad
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germany's final counterattack against the allies in europe
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battle of the bulge
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hitler's book, the bible of the nazi movement
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mein kampf
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hitler's tactics of "lightning war"
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blitzkrieg
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official policy of the US toward the war unitl 1941
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neutrality
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suicide attacks by bomb-laden japanese planes
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kamikaze
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axis power that was invaded from the soth; it surrendered in 1943
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italy
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hitler's secret police force
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gestapo
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the 3 major allies
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USA, USSR, Great Britain
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vast contry germany invaded in 1941 in violation of 1939 treaty
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soviet union
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new tracking device using sound waves that located submarines
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sonar
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allied strategy of capturing some islands and skippinng others
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island hopping
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hitlers title, meaing "the leader"
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der fuhrer
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allied troops withdrew from this french seaport to england, by all boats available
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dunkirk
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the 3 leading allied statesmen who met often during the war years
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chrchill, roosevelt, & stalin
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new electronic tracking system thatd detected incoming aircraft
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radar
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germany signed a nonaggression treaty with this country in 1939
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soviet union
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mussolini's title, meaning "the leader"
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il duce
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germany's lower legislative house, site of a fire in 1933
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reichstag
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the italian and german fascist parties were opposed to this
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communism
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conference that now symbolizes appeasement and surrennder
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munich conference
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nation that disappeared from the map in 1939
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czechoslavakia
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2 strongest nations in the post war world
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US & USSR
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type of economy established by stalin
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communism
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the national socialist german workers party
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nazi party
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response of britain and france to hitler's aggressive moves in 1936, 38
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appeasement
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Lebensraum, germany's excuse for expaning its borders
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living space
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war fought by politics and economics, not weapons
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cold war
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belief taught to children in place of relligion in USSR
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atheism
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basic principle of fascism
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govt controls everything
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the german-italian alliance
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rome berlin axis
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how great britain and the us sent suppllies to berlin
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airlift
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general term for govt system tat controlled almost every part of people's lives
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totalitarianism
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nazi's private army
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brown shirts
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japan went to war with this couuntry in 1937
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china
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treatty that germans deeply resented
|
treaty of versailles
|
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massive construction dividing east and west berlin
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wall
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stalin's purification or removal of everyone not loyal to him
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purges
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nation joined to germany in 1938 by anschluss
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austria
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former nazis were put on trial at
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nuremburg
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dedscriptive name of non-physical wall between western and eastern europe
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iron curtain
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govt in which the leader used armed forces and police to crush opposition
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police state
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independent african country invaded by italy
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ethiopia
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german area of czechoslavakia
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sudetenland
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number of zones germany and berlin were each divided into
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4
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US policy that aimed at restricting the spread of communism
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conatinment
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northern chinese province occupied by japan
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manchuria
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british prime minister who gave in to hitler's demands
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neville chamberlain
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the mutual defense pact of the western nations
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NATO
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the east european miltary alliance
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warsaw pact
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european recovery program, it provided US aid to europe
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marshall plan
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term for the east european countries dependent on and subordinate to the USSR
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satellites
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