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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the Byzantine Empire shaped by? |
The decline of the Roman Empire and the rise of the Arabs |
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When did the Byzantine Empire begin?
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In the 4th century CE when the Romans set up their eastern capital in Constantinople
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Justinian
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-new emperor
-tried to reconquer western territory to restore an empire like Rome -autocratic -influenced by wife |
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Justinian's positive contributions to the Byzantine Empire:
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-rebuilding Constantinople
-systematizing the Roman legal code -built many buildings |
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Hagia Sophia
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New church constructed in Constantinople by Justinian
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Benefits of united law?
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-reduced confusion
-united/organized empire -paralleled the state's buraucracy |
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Belisarius
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One of Justinian's most important military commanders during period of reconquest of Western Europe, commanded in North Africa and Italy
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Justinian's temporary capital
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Ravenna (key artistic center)
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Greek Fire
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A new weapon, kind of napalm, devastated Arab ships
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Bulgaria
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Slavic kingdom established in northern portions of Balkan Peninsula, constant source of pressure for Byzantine Empire
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Byzantine political system was similar to ___
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Earlier patterns in China
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Describe political structure of Byzantine
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-emperor ordained by God
-controlled aspects of Church |
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Byzantine trade:
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-Merchants were not high-class
-Traded with India, Arabs, east asia, and others |
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Icon
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Images of religious figures, veneration of Chrisitianity in Byzantine Empire
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What helped to explain the growing break between eastern and western Christianity?
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Byzantine culture and politics and the empire's economic orientation toward Asia and northeastern Europe
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Which branch of Christianity acknowledged the Pope?
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The Eastern Church
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What invasion contributed to the Empire's decline?
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Turkish troops, the Selijuks, seized most of the Asiatic provinces of the empire, cutting off sources of tax revenue and territories that supplied food
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Cyril and Methodius
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Missionaries sent by the Byzantine government to many areas, developed a writing script
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Did Eastern missionaries monopolize the borders of Eastern Europe?
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No
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Kiev
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Trade city in Russia established by Scandinavian traders in the 9th century, became focal point for kingdom of Russia
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Rurik
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Legendary Scandinavian regarded as founder of the first kingdom of Russia based in Kiev |
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Vladimir I
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Ruler of Russian kingdom of Kiev, converted kingdom to Christianity (forced conversions)
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Russian Orthodox
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Russian form of Christianity imported from Byzantine Empire and combined with a local religion, king characteristically controlled major appointments
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Yaroslav
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Last of great Kievan monarchs,
Issued legal codification based on formal codes developed in Byzantium |
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Boyars
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Russian aristocrats, possessed less political power than their counterparts in West Europe |
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Kievan Decline
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-fights over succession
-invaders from Asia whittled at Russian territory -2 invasions by Mongols |
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Tatars
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Mongols, captured Russian cities and destroyed Kievan state, left Russian Orthodox and aristocracy intact
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Which civilization fell on hard times after Byzantine and Russian Empire falls?
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Eastern European civilization
Western Europe=okay |
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Similarities between the two civilizations: |
-influenced by islam -spread northward -polytheism-->monotheism |
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Justinian's failures: |
-unable to control Italian empire -westward expansion weakened his empire -persian forces attacked from east -new tax pressure |
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Even though Justin defeated Arab muslims... |
-constant border threaat -new economic burdens -less power for farmers |
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Elaborate court rituals: |
-kept seperate -iimmobilized rulers, prevented innovativeness |
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West and East disagreements: |
-papal interfere with icons -charlemagne claims to be roman emperor -religious art -pope as first bishop |
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Balkans= |
area of competition between east and west political models |
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Influx of Jews |
-barred from agriculture -resented by Christian majority -take commerce jobs -education and literacy |
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Kievan Rus could not replicate Byzantine: |
-bueaucracy -elaborate educational system |
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Kieve's borrow from Byzantine: |
-church -ceremonies/luxury -polygamy -->monogamy -russian lit -social structure |
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Tatar control |
-lit langusihed -trade lapsed -north-south commerce never returned
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