Ap World History Chapter 29 ~Chia <3

Front 1

Mexican Revolution

Back 1

10 yr period, ousting of Porfino Diaz from pwr. Opposition forces led by Panchno Villa and Emilio Zapata

Front 2

What were some causes of the Mexican Revolution?

Back 2

Disruption of traditional markets for LA; forced 2 rely on themselves

Front 3

Porfino Diaz

Back 3

1876 president of Mexico for 35 yrs; strong central gov

Front 4

What was eco, pol, and soc under Diaz?

Back 4

Eco -> mining, railroads, foreign ctrlld
Pol -> was corrupt; opposition stifled
Soc -> rebels protesting jobs were repressed

Front 5

Francisco Madero

Back 5

Ran against Diaz when he got old. Diaz arrested him, held a rigged electon, and regained pwr. Madero called a for a revolt after his release. His moderate policies could not solve Mexico's soc probs. Assassinated in 1913

Front 6

Pancho Villa

Back 6

Mexican revolutionary in the North who led a group of unhappy civilians

Front 7

Emiliano Zapata

Back 7

Mexican revolutionary in the South (Morelos); led peasant guerrilla movement for land reform

Front 8

Victoriano Huerta

Back 8

Attempted to create a dictatorship supported by large landowners, army, and foreign companies. Forced from pwr in 1914 by Villa and Zapata

Front 9

What happened as a result of Huerta losing office?

Back 9

Political chaos, followed by US intervention. Alvaro Obregon emerged as the new leader to solve MANY probs

Front 10

Alvaro Obregon

Back 10

1915 -> became leader of Mexican gov
1920 -> elected president

Front 11

Mexican Constitution of 1917

Back 11

Formal end of Mexican Revolution. Promised land reform (slow to manifest), limited foreign ownership, guaranteed workers rights, restricted church ownership of property, rural edu

Front 12

What did these reforms try to achieve subconsciously?

Back 12

Get back to American Indian roots. Achieved by: secular nationalistic schools, etc.

Front 13

How was Marxist socialism evident during these reforms?

Back 13

Secularization. This was met with strong church opposition

Front 14

Cristeros

Back 14

Conservative peasant movement during 1920s. Tried to curb secularization, often turning to violence

Front 15

Why did the US intervene with Mexico's revolution?

Back 15

Desire for order, fear of German influence, and eco interests

Front 16

What was Mexico's theoretical "one political party"?

Back 16

Party of the Institutionalized Revolution (PRI)

Front 17

What spurred a rev in Russia?

Back 17

Food shortages and wartime misery that led to food riots and strikes. Peasants demanded new pol regime

Front 18

Who prevailed in the chaos?

Back 18

A worker group (soviet) took over city gov and arrested the tsar

Front 19

Alexander Kerensky

Back 19

1917 Russian Rev -> Liberal rev leader who wanted parliament and rel freedom (although liberalism was not high [low middle class])

Front 20

What problems did the Bolsheviks have once gaining pwr?

Back 20

In Treaty of Versailles, some of Russia's conquered territory was given 2 make Poland. Also the Bolsheviks weren't the major pol party

Front 21

What did Lenin do to advance his pol party?

Back 21

Shut down the parliament created by the Social Revolutionary Party and created the Congress of Soviets in its place (Bolshevik run)

Front 22

What effects of Communism prevailing were evident?

Back 22

Foreign hostility -> nations were appalled and intervened. Domestic resistance -> bloody internal civil war

Front 23

What were causes of the Russian civil war of 1918-1921?

Back 23

Against communist regime, Landed peasant resented loss of land 2 give 2 less fortunate. Industrial nationalism disrupted manufacturing. Famine + unemployment => workers revolt

Front 24

Red Army

Back 24

Military constructed under Lenin. Used people of humble background

Front 25

New Economic Policy

Back 25

1921 -> state sat basic eco policies, freedom for small businesses and peasant landowners

Front 26

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Back 26

1923 -1991 -> Federal system of various socialist ethnic groups in Russia; ctrld by Communists

Front 27

What else did Communists in Russia create for the people?

Back 27

Youth movements and women groups, inc edu of communism

Front 28

Stalin

Back 28

Made communism more nationalistic. Ended Comiterns and began collectivization, 5 yr plans. Anti-Western (Socialism in one country), killed opponents

Front 29

Comiterns

Back 29

Intl USSR office to spread communism thru Europe

Front 30

Collectivization

Back 30

Large state run farms to ctrl peasants

Front 31

Yuan Shikai

Back 31

Warlord in China after fall of Qing dynasty. 1912 -> became pres (received from Sun Yatsen) 1916 -> resigned from not fighting against Japanese invasion

Front 32

What groups were fighting for pwr in post- Qing China?

Back 32

Military commanders organized into cliques, coastal city bankers and merchants, secret societies, and JAPAN

Front 33

May Fourth movement

Back 33

1919 -> Intellectuals tried to transform China into a liberal democracy and rejected Confucianism

Front 34

Li Dazhao

Back 34

Called for a reworking of Marxist ideas to fit China's circumstances

Front 35

Mao Zedong

Back 35

A student of Li. Communist leader in China. Advocated rural reform and role of peasants in Nationalist movement

Front 36

Guomindang

Back 36

Chinese nationalist party. Forged alliances with key social groups (Communists) and created army

Front 37

What were Sun's intentions once in pwr?

Back 37

Unify China under a central gov, ctrl imperialistic intruders, and introduce soc reforms for the peasants. Got support from urban merchants

Front 38

What did the Nationalist party focus on?

Back 38

Pol only, neglected highly needed soc-land reform

Front 39

Whampoa Military Academy

Back 39

1924 -> military wing of Guomindang

Front 40

Chiang Kaishek

Back 40

First head of WMA; became master of China during 1920s, but was defeated by Communists after WWII

Front 41

Long March

Back 41

1934 -> Est Mao as head of Communist China, during Civil War of Nationalists and Communists