Ap World History Chapter 24 Vocabulary

Front 1

Age of Revolution

Back 1

Period of political upheaval beginning roughly with the American Revolution in 1775 and constructing through the French Revolution of 1789 and other movements for change up to 1848.

Hint 1

Change

Front 2

Population Revolution

Back 2

Huge growth in population in western Europe beginning about 1730; prelude to Industrial Revolution; population of France increased 50 percent, England and Prussia 100 percent.

Hint 2

Growth

Front 3

Proto-industrialization

Back 3

Preliminary shift away from agricultural economy in Europe; workers become full- or part-time producers of textile and metal products, working at home but in a capitalist system in which materials, work orders, and ultimate sales depended on urban merchants; prelude to Industrial Revolution.

Hint 3

Away

Front 4

American Revolution

Back 4

Rebellion of English American colonies along Atlantic seaboard between 1775 and 1783; resulted in independence for former British colonies and eventually formation of United States of America.

Hint 4

Independence

Front 5

French Revolution

Back 5

Revolution in France between 1789 and 1800; resulted in overthrow of Bourbon monarchy and old regimes; ended with establishment of French empire under Napoleon Bonaparte; source of many liberal movements and constitutions in Europe.

Hint 5

Liberal

Front 6

Louis XVI

Back 6

(1754-1793) Bourbon monarch of France who was executed during the radical phase of the French Revolution.

Hint 6

Executed

Front 7

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

Back 7

Adopted during the liberal phase of the French Revolution (1789); stated the fundamental equality of all French citizens; later became a political source for other liberal movements.

Hint 7

Equality

Front 8

Guillotine

Back 8

Introduced as a method of human execution; utilized to execute thousands during the most radical phase of the French Revolution known as the Reign of Terror.

Hint 8

Execute

Front 9

Nationalism

Back 9

Political viewpoint with origins in western Europe; urged importance of national unity; valued a collective identity based on culture, race, or ethnic origin.

Hint 9

National

Front 10

Napoleon Bonaparte

Back 10

Rose within the French army during the wars of the French Revolution; eventually became general; led a coup that ended the French Revolution; established French empire under his rule; defeated and deposed in 1815.

Hint 10

Ended

Front 11

Congress of Vienna

Back 11

Meeting in the aftermath of Napoleonic Wars (1815) to restore political stability in Europe and settle diplomatic disputes.

Hint 11

Meeting

Front 12

Conservative

Back 12

Political viewpoint with origins in western Europe during the 19th century; opposed revolutionary goals; advocated restoration of monarchy and defense of church.

Hint 12

Church

Front 13

Liberal

Back 13

Political viewpoint with origins in western Europe during the 19th century; stressed limited state interference in individual life, representation of propertied people in government; urged importance of constitutional rule and parliaments.

Hint 13

Constitutional

Front 14

Radical

Back 14

Political viewpoint with origins in western Europe during the 19th century; advocated broader voting rights than liberals; in some cases advocated outright democracy; urged reforms in favor of the lower classes.

Hint 14

Lower Classes

Front 15

Greek Revolution

Back 15

Rebellion in Greece against the Ottoman empire in 1820; key step in gradually dismantling the Ottoman empire in the Balkans.

Hint 15

Ottoman

Front 16

Reform Bill of 1832

Back 16

Legislation passed in Great Britain that extended the vote to most members of the middle class; failed to produce democracy in Britain.

Hint 16

Vote

Front 17

Chartist Movement

Back 17

Attempt by artisans and workers in Britain to gain the vote during the 1840s; demands for reform beyond the Reform Bill of 1832 were incorporated into a series of petitions; movement failed.

Hint 17

Reform

Front 18

Louis Pasteur

Back 18

French scientist who discovered relationship between germs and disease in 19th century, leading to better sanitation.

Hint 18

Sanitation

Front 19

American Civil War

Back 19

Fought from 1861 to 1865; first application of Industrial Revolution to warfare; resulted in abolition of slavery in the Unites States and reunification of North and South.

Hint 19

Abolition

Front 20

Transformismo

Back 20

Political system in late 19th-century Italy that promoted alliance of conservatives and liberals; parliamentary deputies of all parties supported the statue quo.

Hint 20

Alliance

Front 21

Social Question

Back 21

Issues relating to lower classes in western Europe during the Industrial Revolution, particularly workers and women; became more critical than constitutional issues after 1870.

Hint 21

Lower Classes

Front 22

Socialism

Back 22

Political movement with origins in western Europe during the 19th century; urged an attack on private property in the name of equality; wanted state control of means of production, end to capitalist exploitation of the working man.

Hint 22

Private Property

Front 23

Karl Marx

Back 23

(1818-1883) German socialist who blasted earlier socialist movements as utopian; saw history as defined by class struggle between groups out of power and those controlling the means of production; preached necessity of social revolution to create proletarian dictatorship.

Hint 23

Class Struggle

Front 24

Revisionism

Back 24

Socialist movements that at least tacitly disavowed Marxist revolutionary doctrine; believed social success could be achieved gradually through political institutions.

Hint 24

Political Institutions

Front 25

Feminist Movements

Back 25

Sought various legal and economic gains for women, including equal access to professions and higher education; came to concentrate on right to vote; won support particularly from middle-class women; active in western Europe at the end of the 19th century; revived in light of other issues in the 1960s.

Hint 25

Equal

Front 26

Mass Leisure Culture

Back 26

An aspect of the later Industrial Revolution; based on newspapers, music halls, popular theater, vacation trips, and team sports.

Hint 26

Industrial Revolution

Front 27

Charles Darwin

Back 27

Biologist ho developed theory of evolution of species (1859); argued that all living species evolved into their present form through the ability to adapt in a struggle for survival.

Hint 27

Evolution

Front 28

Albert Einstein

Back 28

Developed mathematical theories to explain the behavior of planetary motion and the movement of electrical particles; after 1900 issued theory of relativity.

Hint 28

Relativity

Front 29

Romanticism

Back 29

Artistic and literary movement of the 19th century in Europe; held that emotion and impression, not reason, were the keys to the mysteries of human experience and nature; sought to portray passions, not calm reflection.

Hint 29

Emotion and Impression

Front 30

Triple Alliance

Back 30

Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy at the end of the 19th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I.

Hint 30

Alliance

Front 31

Triple Entente

Back 31

Alliance among Britain, Russia, and France at the outset of the 20th century; part of European alliance system and balance of power prior to World War I.

Hint 31

Alliance

Front 32

Balkan Nationalism

Back 32

Movements to create independent nations within the Balkan possessions of the Ottoman empire; provoked a series of crises within the European alliance system; eventually led to World War I.

Hint 32

Independent