Ap World History Chapter 16

Front 1

world economy

Back 1

established by Europeans by the 16th century, based on control of seas (Atlantic and Pacific), created international exchange of foods, diseases, and manufactured goods

Front 2

What did European merchants fleets seize control of?

Back 2

key international trading routes--initial Spanish and Portuguese leadership was followed by growing efforts from Britain, France, and Holland

Front 3

Who became increasingly aware of the world around them?

Back 3

various European leaders (mostly merchants) and also SOME princes and clergy

Front 4

European disadvantage

Back 4

ignorant of outside world (world=flat)

Front 5

technological improvements in the 15th century:

Back 5

-ships -->carry heavy armaments

-compass

-mapmaking

improved exploration

Front 6

Prince Henry the Navigator

Back 6

financed annual expeditions down the western coast of Africa to find a sea route to the Indies--Portugal

Front 7

Cape of Good Hope

Back 7

southern tip of Africa, first circumnavigated in 1488 by Portuguese in search of direct route to India

Front 8

Christopher Coloumbus

Back 8

Genoese captain in service of king and queen of Castile and Aragon, successfully sailed to New World and returned in 1492, initiated Europeans discoveries in the Americas

Front 9

Ferdinand Magellan

Back 9

Spanish captain who in 1519, initiated first circumnavigation of the globe, died during the voyage, allow Spain to claim Philippines

Front 10

Why was there a lead in exploration later in the 16th century?

Back 10

newly strong monarchies (France and England) got into the act and zealous Protestants in Britain and Holland strove to rival Catholic gains

Front 11

When did the Dutch enter the picture?

Back 11

after winning independence from Spain

Front 12

Dutch East India COmpany

Back 12

joint stock company that obtained govt monopoly over trade in Asia, acted as virtually independent govt in regions it claimed

Front 13

British East India Company

Back 13

joint stock company that obtained govt monopoly over trade in India, acted as virtually independent govt in regions it claimed

Front 14

3 main changes generated by Europe's maritime dominance

Back 14

1) Columbian exchange of foods, disease, and people

2)new export-import patterns that created durable economic inferiorities

3)emergence of new overseas empires

Front 15

Victims of disease:

Back 15

Native Americans (not been exposed to certain diseases)

Front 16

What did the production of new crops trigger?

Back 16

large population increases

Front 17

Lepanto

Back 17

naval battle between the Spanish and the Ottoman Empire-->Spanish win

Front 18

Europe controlled ___

Back 18

a network of secure harbors

Front 19

core nations

Back 19

(European) nations that enjoyed profit from world economy, controlled international banking/commercial services, exported manufactured goods for raw materials

Front 20

Spain's short domination

Back 20

-because its silver imports

-lacked banking system

-could not support a full commercial surge

Front 21

mercantilism

Back 21

economic theory that stressed the govts promotion of limitation of imports from other nations: internal economies to improve tax revenues in Europe

Front 22

mestizos

Back 22

people of mixed European and Native American blood

Front 23

India's attention to:

Back 23

internal development and land-based expansion and commerce, world trade=sideline

Front 24

What did Britain do in the 18th century to protect its own industry

Back 24

passed tariffs against the import of cotton cloth made in India

Front 25

Vasco de Balboa

Back 25

first Spanish captain to begin settlement of the mainland of MEsoamerica in 1509-->conquest of Aztec and Inca empires by other captains

Front 26

Francisco Pizarro

Back 26

led conquest of Inca Empire of PEru

Front 27

What were early colonies in Americas developed by?

Back 27

small bands of gold-hungry Europeans, often loosely controlled by colonial administrations back home

Front 28

New France

Back 28

French colonies in NA, extended from St. Lawrence River along Great Lakes and down Mississippi River valley system

Front 29

7 Years WAR

Back 29

war between continental Europe and overseas colonies, resulted in Prussian seizures of land from Austria, English seizures of colonies in India and NA

Front 30

Treaty of Paris

Back 30

after 7 year war, granted New France to England in exchange for return of French sugar island to Caribbean

Front 31

Cape Colony

Back 31

Dutch colony established at Cape of Good Hope initially to provide a coastal station for the Dutch

Front 32

Boers

Back 32

dutch word for farmers

Front 33

Calcutta

Back 33

headquarters of British East India Company

Front 34

Who was more interested in missionary work?

Back 34

French not British