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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Jay Gould
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A railroad magnate who was involved in the Black Friday scandal in 1869 and later gained control of many of the nation’s largest railroads, including the Union Pacific. He became revered and hated for his ability to manipulate railroad stocks for his personal profit and for his ardent resistance to organized labor.
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Andrew Carnegie-
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A tycoon who came to dominate the burgeoning steel industry. His company, later named United States Steel, was the biggest corporation in United States history in 1901. After he retired, he donated most of his fortune to public libraries, universities, arts organizations, and other charitable causes.
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Samuel Gompers-
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The president of the American Federation of Labor nearly every year from its founding in 1886 until his death in 1924. Gompers was no foe of capitalism but wanted employers to offer workers a fair deal by paying high wages and providing job security.
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Lester Frank Ward-
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American botanist, paleontologist, and sociologist. He served as the first president of the American Sociological Association. Father of American sociology.
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Jack London-
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(born John Griffith Chaney) was an American author, journalist, and social activist. He was a pioneer in the then-burgeoning world of commercial magazine fiction and was one of the first fiction writers to obtain worldwide celebrity and a large fortune from his fiction alone.He is best remembered as the author of White Fang and Call of the Wild, set in the Klondike Gold Rush.
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Thorstein Veblen -
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An eccentric Norwegian-American economist who savagely attacked “predatory wealth” and “conspicuous consumption” in his most important book, The Theory of the Leisure Class (1899).
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Alexander Graham Bell-
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The inventor of the telephone, patented in 1876.
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J.P. Morgan -
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A banker who became a national symbol of the power of the banks during the Gilded Age, he helped all the big businesses of the era consolidate their holdings and ultimately bought Carnegie’s steel empire for more than $400 million in 1900. He also helped to bail the U.S. government out of a currency crunch in 1895 when he organized a loan to the government of $65 million in gold. In 1902 his Northern Securities Company became one of the first targets of Teddy Roosevelt’s trust-busting crusades, but Roosevelt’s 1907 decision to allow a steel merger under Morgan’s watch showed the limits of Roosevelt’s efforts.
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Eugene V. Debs-
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A tireless socialist leader who organized the American Railway Union in the Pullman Strike in 1894, Debs was later convicted under the First World War’s Espionage Act in 1918 and sentenced to ten years in a federal penitentiary. A frequent presidential candidate on the Socialist Party ticket, in 1920 he won over 900,000 votes campaigning for president from his prison cell.
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William Graham Sumner-
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Influential Yale professor and Social Darwinist. Defended radical laissez-faire as being justified by laws of evolution (esp. 1883). Instrumental in reforming the American university system away from its old "divinity-classics" roots and towards modernism. His famous analysis of social norms are contained in his 1907 book, Folkways.
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Theodore Dreiser-
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an American novelist and journalist. He pioneered the naturalist school and is known for portraying characters whose value lies not in their moral code, but in their persistence against all obstacles, and literary situations that more closely resemble studies of nature than tales of choice and agency.
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Washington Gladden-
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leading American Congregational church pastor and early leader of the Social Gospel movement. He was a leading member of the Progressive Movement, serving for two years as a member of the Columbus, Ohio, City Council and campaigning against Boss Tweed as acting editor of the New York Independent. Gladden was probably the first leading U.S. religious figure to support unionization of the workforce; he also opposed racial segregation.
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Thomas Edison-
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The inventor of, among other things, the electric light bulb, the phonograph, the mimeograph, the moving picture, and a machine capable of taking X-rays. Ultimately he held more than 1,000 patents for his inventions.
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Terence Powderly-
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led the Knights of Labor ("KoL"), a labor union whose goal was to organize all workers, skilled and unskilled, into one big union united for workers' rights and economic and social reform
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William Haywood-
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As a leader of the Industrial Workers of the World, the Western Federation of Miners, and the Socialist Party of America, Haywood was one of the most feared of American labor radicals. During World War I, he became a special target of anti-leftist legislation.
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Stephen Crane-
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an American novelist, short story writer, poet and journalist. Prolific throughout his short life, he wrote notable works in the Realist tradition as well as early examples of American Naturalism and Impressionism. He is recognized by modern critics as one of the most innovative writers of his generation. Most famous for RED BADGE OF COURAGE.
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Henry George-
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an American political economist, who was the most influential proponent of the land value tax, also known as the "single tax" on land. He inspired the ideology known as Georgism, which is that everyone owns what he or she creates, but that everything found in nature, most importantly land, belongs equally to all humanity. His most famous work is Progress and Poverty written during 1879; it is a treatise on inequality, the cyclic nature of industrial economies and possible remedies.
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Jane Addams-
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Addams founded Hull House, America’s first settlement house, to help immigrants assimilate through education, counseling, and municipal reform efforts. She also advocated pacifism throughout her life, including during World War I, and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931.
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John D. Rockefeller-
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The founder of the Standard Oil Company, he developed the technique of horizontal integration and compelled other oil companies to join the Standard Oil “trust.” He became the richest person in the world and the U.S.’s first billionaire. He later became known for his philanthropic support of universities and medical research.
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Aaron Montgomery Ward-
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Businessman responsible for the invention of mail order. Also fought for preservation of Grant Park.
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Herbert Spencer-
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coined the concept "survival of the fittest", in Principles of Biology , after reading Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species.This term strongly suggests natural selection, and Spencer extended evolution into realms of sociology and ethics.
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Samuel Langhorne Clemens -
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(aka Mark Twain)A satirist and writer best known for his books The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876) and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884). His work critiqued American politics and society, especially the racial and economic injustice that he saw in the South and West. Twain traveled abroad extensively and his work was read and loved around the world.
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Henry Demarest Lloyd-
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A muckraking journalist and reform leader whose book, Wealth Against Commonwealth (1894), excoriated the sins of the Standard Oil Company. Lloyd became one of the leading intellectuals behind the progressive movement, influencing such figures as Clarence Darrow, Florence Kelley, and John Dewey.
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Walter Rauschenbusch-
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key figure in the Social Gospel movement, which exerted a major influence in Mainline American Protestantism at the outset of the twentieth century with the aim of mobilizing American Christians to work for a more just society for all, especially the urban working class.
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