Ap Us History Summer Assignment

Front 1

The “Corrupt Bargain”

Back 1

During the Election of 1824, the decision for presidency was thrown into the House of Representatives because none of the four candidates received a majority of the electoral votes (Jackson received the most popular and electoral votes). Then, Henry Clay threw his support behind John Quincy Adams, believing him to be the best to carry on the American System that he made (Clay was the Speaker of the House). After Adams was declared President, Henry Clay became of the Secretary of State, making Jacksonians believe that a “corrupt bargain” had been made.

Front 2

John Quincy Adams

Back 2

The 6th President of the United States, JQA became the first son of a president to become president himself. Adams helped negotiate the Treaty of Ghent in 1814, and made the Adams-Onis Treaty with Britain while Secretary of State under James Monroe. He also helped to develop the Monroe Doctrine. He was involved in the “corrupt bargain” as stated above, and became President due to the Election of 1824. He was defeated in his bid for reelection. Adams was the only president to serve in the House of Representatives after being president, where he supported the Second Bank of the United States. He opposed the annexation of Texas and the Mexican War.

Front 3

Election of 1828/Jacksonian Revolution

Back 3

This election reestablished the two-party political system in the US. The name “Democrat” was used for the first time, marking the formal beginning of the Democratic Party. Andrew Jackson easily won an overwhelming victory over Adams and the National Republicans. Calhoun was reelected as vice president. Jackson’s Democratic Party developed an efficient national political organization. It was one of the dirtiest elections in the history of the US, as both parties circulated false rumors and exaggerations of the opposition.

Front 4

Webster’s Reply to Hayne

Back 4

Robert Hayne issued a counterproclamation in response to Andrew Jackson’s proclamation. As Daniel Webster supported the Tariff of Abominations, civil war loomed dangerously over the US.

Front 5

Nicolas Biddle

Back 5

A member of the prominent Philadelphia family, Biddle attended the University of Pennsylvania at the age of ten and went on to become a poet, scholar, and banker. He was appointed as a director of the Second Bank of the US in 1819 by James Monroe, and he became the bank’s president in 1822. Due to Jackson’s presidency, Jackson did not recharter the national bank. Biddle remained president after the expiration of the federal charter in 1836, but the reorganized bank failed in the Panic of 1837.

Front 6

Election of 1832

Back 6

The Anti-Masonic Party, the first third party in American politics, emerged out of growing hostility towards secret societies, particularly the Masons. This party held the first national presidential nominating convention. The other two parties followed the Anti-Masons’ lead, so that all the presidential candidates of the major political parties were nominated by national conventions instead of the discredited party caucuses. Key issues in this campaign involved the Spoils System, the tariff, and the American System of internal improvements. Jackson’s veto of the rechartering of the Bank of the US became the major issue. Jackson won again, and created Pet Banks.

Front 7

Martin Van Buren

Back 7

The 8th President of the US and vice president under Andrew Jackson, Van Buren became a leader of the Democratic Party in New York. He established the “Albany Regency” (a political organization to run the state in his absence) before joining the Senate in 1821. He abolished debtor’s prison. Van Buren supported Jackson throughout his presidency, and even made sure Jackson won by becoming the governor of New York, ensuring Jackson’s win over the state. His presidency was rocky, due to the Panic of 1837. His laissez-faire measures to alleviate the economic distress in the US made him appear inadequate, losing him the reelection of 1840.

Front 8

William Henry Harrison

Back 8

The 9th President of the US, Harrison became an Indian fighter, defeating Tecumseh’s forces at the Battle of Tippecanoe. He defeated Indian and British forces at the Battle of Thames during the War of 1812 (where Tecumseh was killed). Nominated by the Whig Party in 1836, Harrison lost to Van Buren. During the Election of 1840, Harrison was known as the “log cabin and hard cider” candidate. Harrison then became the first Whig president. His slogan was “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too”. Harrison gave the longest inauguration speech (it was raining), where he contracted pneumonia and died a month later. He was the first to die in office, and served the shortest period while president.

Front 9

Election of 1840

Back 9

Considered the first modern political campaign due to its imagery and advertisements. The Whigs chose Harrison as their nominee, with Tyler as his vice president. It can also be noted that Van Buren was the first president to run without a running mate during this election. Harrison had many songs and slogan made after him during this period. During his inauguration speech, Harrison contracted pneumonia and died a month later.

Front 10

Election of 1824

Back 10

After Monroe’s retirement in 1824, the Democratic-Republican Party became divided. This is election is commonly related to the “corrupt bargain”, as Adams won the presidency, though Jackson received the most popular and electoral votes. The four candidates included John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay, William Crawford, and Andrew Jackson.