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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Sir Walter Raleigh
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Founded Virginia. First colony of Roanoke failed. Second colony of Roanoke failed.
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Chapter 1, Pages 27-28, "An Unpromising Beginning: Mystery at Roanoke," Paragraphs 3 on.
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Joint-Stock Company
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Was the great idea for funding the trips to the New World. People could invest any amount of money into it, and could expect to receive that amount back. (Side 3 if stuck)
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These worked. Amounted enough money to launch a colony in Virginia. I.E.: London Company.
Chapter 2, Page 35-36, "Entrepreneurs in Virginia," Paragraphs 1-2. |
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Captain John Smith
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The savior of Jamestown. Brought order out of anarchy. In 1608, he seized control of the ruling council and instituted a tough military discipline.
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Sir John Rolfe
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Helped to bring a source of revenue to Virginia by growing tobacco. Married Pocahontas.
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Sir Edwin Sandys
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Revamped the economic system of Jamestown and Virginia. Turned it into a profitable enterprise. Formed the House of Burgesses and the headright system.
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Virginia Company
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The Joint-Stock Company responsible for the funding of the colonization of Virginia. Ultimately failed when Sandys took over.
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Headright
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Colonists that covered their own transportation cost to America were guaranteed a 50-acre lot for which they paid only a small annual rent.
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House of Burgesses
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An elective representative assembly. Established when Dale's martial law was eased.
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Chapter 2, page 39, "'Stinking Weed,'" Paragraph 3.
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Sir George Calvert
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Driving force behind the founding of Maryland. Gave his son a charter for Maryland.
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Chapter 2, page 41, "Maryland: A Troubled Refuge for Catholics," Paragraphs 2-3.
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Lord Baltimore
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Cecilius Calvert. Set up a feudal system in Maryland.
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Chapter 2, page 41-42, "Maryland: A Troubled Refuge for Catholics," Paragraphs 3-4 on.
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Separatists
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People who separated themselves from the Church of England.
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Chapter 2, page 42, "Reforming England in America," paragraphs 2-3.
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William Bradford
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Wrote Of Plymouth Plantation. Held the Plymouth County together as governor. Received help from Indians, such as Squanto.
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Chapter 2, page 42-43, "Reforming England in America," paragraphs 3,5-6.
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Mayflower Compact
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The document that established a sort of democratic system. Saved Plymouth County from utter anarchy.
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Chapter 2, page 43, "Reforming England in America," paragraphs 5-6.
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Puritans
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Die-Hard Protestants.
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Chapter 2, page 43, "The Great Migration," paragraphs 1-2.
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John Winthrop
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Very pious. Future governor of Massachusetts Bay. He and his associates met secretly and signed the Cambridge agreement.
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Chapter 2, page 44, "The Great Migration," Paragraphs 7 and 9
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Roger Williams
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Preached extreme separatism. Questioned the validity of the Massachusetts Bay charter.
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Chapter 2, Page 47, "Limits of Religious Dissent," Paragraph 3
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Anne Hutchinson
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Preached Antinomianism. Was exiled from Rhode Island
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Chapter 2, Page 47-48, "Limits of Religious Dissent," Paragraphs 4 and 7
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William Penn
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The founder of Pennsylvania. He did the Holy Experiment. The most popular Quaker of all time.
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Chapter 2, Page 54, <<ALL>>
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James Oglethorpe
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The founding father of Georgia.
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Chapter 2, Page 58, "The Founding of Georgia," Paragraphs 2-4
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Navigation Act
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3 Parts. Attempted to eliminate the Dutch presence in the colonial Market, as they were the intermediaries.
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Chapter 3, Page 80, "Regulating Colonial Trade," Paragraph 4
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Half-Way Covenant
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Allowed the grandchildren of persons in full communion to be baptized even though their parents could not demonstrate conversation.
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Chapter 3, Page 66, "Commonwealth of Families," Paragraph 7
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Nathaniel Bacon
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Tried to receive a license to engage in the fur trade, Berkeley denied him. Led a rebellion against navigation acts and Berkeley's Green Faction and his monopoly.
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Chapter 3, pages 81-82, "Civil War in Virginia: Bacon's Rebellion," Paragraphs 3, 5, 7 on.
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Charles II
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Sent forces to quash Bacon's Rebellion. Was the king during the passage of the Navigation Acts
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Chapter 3, pages 80 and 82, "Response to Economic Competition," "Civil War in Virginia: Bacon's Rebellion," Paragraphs 3; 9
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Royal Africa Company
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Chartered to meet the colonial planters' demands for black laborers
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Chapter 3, page 76, "Roots of Slavery," Paragraph 7
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Stono Uprising
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150 South Carolina blacks rose up, seizing guns and ammunition, and murdered several white planters.
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Chapter 3, page 78, "Constructing African American Identities," paragraph 7
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Mercantilism
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One nation's commercial success translated directly into a loss for its rivals. The economic system for England.
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Chapter 3, Page 79, "Response to Economic Competition," paragraph 1
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Sir William Berkeley
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The royal governor of Virginia, held a monopoly on the fur trade, denied Nathaniel Bacon's every request.
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Chapter 3, pages 81-82, "Civil War in Virginia: Bacon's Rebellion," Paragraphs 2 on.
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Slave Trade
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There was an increasing number of slaves being sold in the colonies, as the labor demand increased.
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Chapter 3, page 73, "Roots of Slavery," paragraph 1
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John Winthrop
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The governor of Massachusetts. Was removed from power by The Court of Chancery. City on a hill speech
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Chapter 3, pages 82-83, "The Glorious Revolution in the Bay Colony," paragraphs 1 and 3
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Enumerated Goods
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Goods such as tobacco, sugar, cotton, indigo, dyewoods, and ginger, that were restricted by the Navigation Act of 1660.
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Chapter 3, Page 80, "Regulating Colonial Trade," Paragraph 1
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Nat Turner
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A slave in Virginia that led Turner's Rebellion.
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<<Not in chapter 3>>
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Jamestown Massacre
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Indian uprising in 1622 in Virginia. A simple trade between the Indians and colonists turned into a brawl with Indians slaughtering every settler in sight.
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<<NOT IN BOOK>>
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown_Massacre |
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Bacon's Rebellion
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The battle between Berkeley and Nathaniel. Against navigation acts
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Chapter 3, Page 82, "Civil War in Virginia: Bacon's Rebellion," paragraph 7.
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Restoration
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Charles II return from exile to rule England as king.
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Chapter 3, page 79, "Rise of a Commercial Empire," paragraph 2
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King Phillips War
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The war between Metacomet's tribe of the Wampanoag, allied with the Narragansett, and the Massachusetts Bay Colony's militia.
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Chapter 3, page 83, "The Glorious Revolution in the Bay Colony," Paragraph 2
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William and Mary
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These two monarchs accepted a Bill or Rights, a document stipulating the constitutional rights of all Englishmen. Launched the Glorious Revolution of Massachusetts in full swing.
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Chapter 3, page 83, "The Glorious Revolution in the Bay Colony," Paragraph 5
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Great Awakening
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The rise of emotional thinking rather than reason. The revival of religious importance in the 1700s
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Chapter 4, page 110, "Religious Revivals in Provincial Societies," Paragraph 1
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King George's War
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Also known as the War of the Austrian Succession. The war between England and France over the siege of Louisbourg.
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Chapter 4, Page 118-119, "King George's War and Its Aftermath," <<All>>
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Albany Plan
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Ben Franklin's revolutionary plan for the unification of the colonies. Called for the formation of a Grand Council, made up of elected delegates from the various colonies to oversee matters of common defense, western expansion, and Indian affairs.
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Chapter 4, Page 120, "Albany Congress and Braddock's Defeat," Paragraphs 1-2.
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Albany Congress
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The Grand Council, made up of elected delegates from the various colonies to oversee matters of common defense, western expansion, and Indian affairs.
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Chapter 4, Page 120, "Albany Congress and Braddock's Defeat," Paragraphs 1-2.
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Seven Years War
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French and Indian War. William Pitt and his assault on Quebec. Ended with the Peace of Paris.
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Chapter 4, pages 121-122. "Seven Years' War," <<All>>
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Peace of Paris
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Great Britain took possession of an empire that stretched around the globe. Ended the Seven Years' War
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Chapter 4, pages 122. "Seven Years' War," Paragraph 8
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George Whitefield
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The most inspiring preacher of the Great Awakening. Many other preachers followed his example.
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Chapter 4, Pages 111-112, "The Voice of Evangelical Religion," <<All>>
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Jonathan Edwards
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Sparked the Great Awakening in Massachusetts. Preached Calvinism and hardened predestination. Scared people back into religion.
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Chapter 4, Page 111, "The Great Awakening," paragraphs 3-4
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Parliament
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The lawmaking body in England. Is governed by an implied constitution, there is no real document.
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Chapter 4, Page 113, "The English Constitution," Paragraphs 1-3.
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William Pitt
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The extremely skilled general that won the Seven Years' War. His military expertise was unmatched.
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Chapter 4, Pages 121-122, "The Seven Years' War," <All>
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John Locke
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The most influential Enlightenment thinker. Believed that there was a Social Contract between a government and their peoples.
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Chapter 4, Page 106, "American Enlightenment," Paragraphs 1-3
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Pennsylvania Dutch
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foundation for the Amish. The second largest group of non-English settlers that emigrated to America. Were led by Muehlenberg.
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Chapter 4, Pages 97-98, "Germans Search for a Better Life," Paragraphs <<All>>
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Molasses Act
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Placed a heavy duty on molasses imported from foreign ports
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Part of the Navigation Acts.
Chapter 4, Page 108, "Economic Transformation," Paragraph 2 |
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Evangelicals
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The Old Lights' other name. Followed their religion die-hard.
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Chapter 4, Page 112, "The Voice of Evangelical Religion," paragraph ?
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Benjamin Franklin
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The mastermind behind the Albany Plan. Supported the Enlightenment. The most recognized Enlightenment thinker.
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Chapter 4, Pages 107-108 and 120, "Benjamin Franklin," and "Albany Congress and Braddock's Defeat," <<All>>; Paragraphs 1-2
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Constitution
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Detailed the rights of peoples. Was a large conspiracy over how much rights people get.
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<<Not in chapter>>
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Battle of Trenton
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Revolutionary war battle, Washington crossed the Delaware River, taking the Hessians by surprise on Christmas Day.
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Chapter 5, pages 150-151, "Times that Try Men's Souls," <<All>>
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Battle of Saratoga
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The turning point in the Revolutionary war. Showed the French that the Americans could win a battle.
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Chapter 5, pages 152-153 "The French Alliance," paragraphs 1-4
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Yorktown
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The battle of Yorktown was only a success because of the French support. Was the final battle in the revolutionary war.
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Chapter 5, 153, "The French Alliance," Last paragraph
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Valley Forge
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The campsite 25 miles from Philadelphia where diseases took twenty-five hundred american lives.
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Ch 5 P 152
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General Cornwallis
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The British general at Charleston, and Yorktown. He was defeated at Yorktown
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Ch 5 P 155
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General Burgoyne
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British general at the battle of Saratoga in a crushing defeat.
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Ch 5 P 151-152
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General Howe
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British general that was defeated at Boston, victory at New York City, loss in New Jersey, successful occupation of Philadelphia.
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Ch 5
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General Washington
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The American savior of the Revolution. The greatest militant mind of America.
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Ch5
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Stamp Act
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Printed Documents issued only on special stamped paper purchased from stamp distributors. Caused riots in cities.
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Ch 5
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Sugar Act
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Revised duties on sugar, coffee, tea, wine, other imports; expanded jurisdiction of vice-admiralty courts
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Ch5
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Virginia Resolves
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A series of resolutions passed by the Stamp Act Congress.
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Ch 5
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William Pitt
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Rockingham's ministry gave way to his, who was now Earl of Chatham.
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Ch 5
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Charles Townshend
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Had a plan that would save the English budget crisis. His Revenue Acts only angered the colonists more.
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Ch 5
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Quartering Act
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Colonists must supply British troops with housing and other items.
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Ch 5
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Committees of Correspondence
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An idea of John Adams. Coordinated colonist grievances and action against Great Britain
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Ch 5
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Tea Act
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Parliament gives East India Company right to sell tea directly to Americans; some duties on tea reduced
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Ch 5
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Coercive Acts
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Closes port of Boston; restructures Massachusetts government; restricts town meetings; troops quartered in Boston; British officials accused of crimes sent to England or Canada for trial
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Ch 5
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Townshend Acts
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New duties on glass, lead, paper, paints, tea; customs collections tightened in America
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Ch 5
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Declaratory Act
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Parliament declares its sovereignty over the colonies "in all cases whatsoever"
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Ch 5
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1st Continental Congress
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Got together and practiced nonimportation. Showed that the most prominent figures could get together and laid the basis for the second of this.
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Ch 5
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2nd Continental Congress
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Framed the Declaration of Independence, formed the Continental Army.
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Ch 5
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Patrick Henry
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Warned the colonists at Lexington and Concord that the Redcoats were coming
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Ch 5
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King George III
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The Tyrant king that ruled according to his relationships with friends.
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Ch 5
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Samuel Adams
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The leading patriot during the revolutionary period. He suggested the formation of a committee of correspondence. Stated that the goal of America was the creation of a "Christian Sparta." Also the creator of the Sons of Liberty.
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Chapter 5, Page 141-142, "Last Days of Imperial Rule, 1770-1773," Paragraphs 5-6
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John Adams
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Stated that a representative assembly should actually mirror its constituents.
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Chapter 5, Page 131, "No Taxation Without Representation: The American Perspective," Paragraph 4
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Thomas Paine
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The author of Common Sense. Was the person that drove the Americans much closer to independence.
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Chapter 5, Pages 146-147, "Beginning The World Over Again," Paragraphs 5-7
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Common Sense
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Written by Thomas Paine. Stripped kingship of historical and theological justification. It attacked the whole idea of a mixed and balanced constitution. Best selling essay of its time.
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Chapter 5, Pages 146-147, "Beginning The World Over Again," Paragraphs 5-7
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John Locke - "Two Treatises on Government"
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At the time, seemed to colonial readers as a brilliant description of what was in fact American political practice. Claimed that all people possessed natural and inalienable rights. The rights of Life, Liberty, and property.
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Chapter 5, Page 131, "Ideas About Power and Virtue," Paragraph 2
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"Sons of Liberty"
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The group of men who actively protested the English duties with riots and boycotts. Samuel Adams was the founder.
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Chapter 5, Page 134, "Popular Protest," Paragraphs 2-3
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Articles of Confederation
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Jealously guarded the sovereignty of the states. The delegates who drafted the framework shared a general republican conviction that power--especially power so far removed from the people--was inherently dangerous and that the only way to preserve liberty was to place as many constraints as possible on federal authority. The ruling document from 1777-1787
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Chapter 6, Page 170-171, "Articles of Confederation," <<ALL PARAGRAPHS>>
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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Divided the Northwest Territory into townships, 36 square miles. Six miles on each side, divided into 36 sections. Section 16 was always reserved for education, and 4 more were reserved for the government. Allowed the purchase of $1 an acre (one section), at a minimum of 640 acres.
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Chapter 6, Page 174, "Northwest Ordinance: The Confederation's Major Achievement," Paragraphs 3-7
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Northwest Ordinance
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The Ordinance of 1787. Authorized the creation of between three and five territories, to be ruled by a governor, a secretary, and three judges appointed by Congress. When the population reaches five thousand, they could elect and assembly, but its decisions were subject to the governor's absolute veto. When the population reaches sixty thousand, they could draft a constitution and petition for full statehood. It contained a bill of rights that guaranteed right to a trial by jury, freedom of religion, and due process of law. Also it outlawed slavery.
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Chapter 6, Page 174, "Northwest Ordinance: The Confederation's Major Achievement," Paragraphs 8-9
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Constitutional Convention
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The spring of 1787, fifty-five men representing twelve states. Practiced a contract of secrecy. The delegates of it decided to vote by state, but decided that that they only need a majority instead of the nine states required according to the Articles.
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Chapter 6, Pages 179-180 "The Philadelphia Convention," Paragraphs 1-3
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Theory of State Sovereignty
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States will normally control their own laws and regulations, except where this conflicts with individual rights under the Constitution, or with Federal law. a legal principle that US states are acknowledged by the Constitution to have control over the laws and activities within their jurisdictions. This is subject to restriction in some cases by the Congress under Article 1, Section 8 of the Constitution, to prevent individual states from discrimination in interstate commerce.
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<<NOT IN THE BOOK>>
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Federalist Number 10
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In his essay, Madison's federal system was not a small state writ large; it was something entirely different, a government based on the will of the people and yet detached from their narrowly based demands.
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Chapter 6, Page 178, "The Genius of James Madison," Paragraph 8.
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Shay's Rebellion
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The rebellion of farmers disgruntled about always being in debt to eastern creditors. They complained of high taxes, of high interest rates, and, most of all, of a state government insensitive to their problems.
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Chapter 6, Page 179, "Constitutional Reform," Paragraph 2
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Virginia Plan
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It envisioned a national legislature consisting of two houses, one elected directly by the people, the other chosen by the first house from nominations made by the state assemblies. Representation in both houses was proportionate to population. Favored the large states, written by Madison
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Chapter 6, Page 180, "Inventing a Federal Republic," Paragraphs 1-2
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Federalists Vs. Anti-federalists
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F: Stood for supreme national authority. Envisioned creation of a strong centralized national government capable of fielding a formidable army.
AF: Critics of the Constitution, who tended to be somewhat poorer, less urban, and less educated than their opponents. |
Chapter 6, Page 185, "Federalists and Antifederalists," Paragraphs 1-8
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The Spirit of the Laws
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Montesquieu's essay. Declared flatly that a republican government could not flourish in a large territory.
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Chapter 6, Page 178, "The Genius of James Madison.
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3/5 Compromise
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For the purpose of determining representation in the lower house, slaves would be counted, but not as much as free persons.
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Chapter 6, Page 181, "Compromise Saves the Constitution," Paragraph 3
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Benjamin Banneker
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Maryland's African American astronomer and mathematician. Enjoyed a well-deserved reputation for his contributions to science.
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Chapter 6, Page 165, "African Americans in the New Republic," Paragraph 4.
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Phillis Wheatley
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Boston's celebrated "African muse." Enjoyed national fame.
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Chapter 6, Page 165, "African Americans in the New Republic," Paragraph 4.
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Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania
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Written by John Dickinson. Envisioned the creation of a strong central government.
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Chapter 6, Page 170, "Articles of Confederation," Paragraph 1
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New Jersey Plan
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Drafted by William Paterson, gave more power to states. Retained the unicameral legislature in which each state possessed one vote and that at the same time gave Congress extensive new powers to tax and regulate trade.
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Chapter 6, Page 180, "Inventing a Federal Republic," Paragraphs 3-5
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Bill of Rights
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Protected the freedoms of assembly, speech, religion, and the press; guaranteed speedy trial by impartial jury; preserved the people's rights to bear arms; and prohibited unreasonable searches.
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Chapter 6, Page 188, "Adding the Bill of Rights," Paragraphs 4-5
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John Jay
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Negotiated with Don Diego de Gardoqui with the Spanish territory and Mississippi River.
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Chapter 6, Page 177, "Diplomatic Humiliation," Paragraphs 3-4
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James Madison
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The greatest supporter of the Bill of Rights, and the leading Anti-Federalist
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Chapter 6, Page 188, "Adding to the Bill of Rights," <<ALL>>
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