Ap Us History- Jeffersonian Era/war Of 1812

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treaty thats called for: US to pay Spain $5million for FL, Spain to recognize US's claims to the Oregon Country, and US to surrender Mexico (Texas)

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Adams-Onis Treaty

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Henry Clay's set of proposals which called for a national bank, protective tariffs, and internal improvements

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American system

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Major battle with Andrew Jackson which took place after the war had ended

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Battle of New Orleans

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case in which Supreme Court prevented NH from changing Dartmouth's charter into a public U, limited states' power and promoted business interests

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Dartmouth College w. Woodward

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case in which Supreme Court established Court's power to invalidate state laws con tray to the Constitution

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Fletcher v. Peck

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Andrew Jackson

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US general who defeated the Native Americans at Horseshoe Bend and commanded the victory over the British at New Orleans; he became a national hero as a result of his record in the War of 1812 and later rode that fame to the presidency

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Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

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incident in 1807 that brought on a war crisis when the British warship Leopard attacks the American warship Chesapeake; the British demanded to board the American ship to search for deserters from the Royal Navy. When the US commander refused, the British attacked, killing or wounding 20 American sailors. 4 alleged deserters were then removed from the Chesapeake and impressed. Many angry and humiliated Am.s called for war

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Embargo Act (1807)

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law passed by Congress stopping all U.S. exports unit British and French interference with US merchant ships stopped; the policy had little effect except to cause widespread economic hardship in america. It was repealed in 1809

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Gibbon v. Ogden (1824)

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landmark case in which the Supreme Court struck down New York law that granted a monopoly to certain steamboats operating b/w NY and NJ; the ruling expanded the powers the Constitution gave Congress to regulate interstate commerce. It was another of the cases during this period whereby the Supreme Court expanded federal power and limited states' rights.

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Hartford Convention

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meeting of New England state leaders in 1814; among other things, the delegates called for restrictions on embargoes and limits on presidential tenure. The end of the war brought an end to the gathering, but it was later branded as unpatriotic and helped bring on the collapse of the Federalist Party.

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Henry Clay

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a leading American statesman from 1810 to 1852; he served as a member of Congress, Speaker of the House, senator, and secretary of state and made 3 unsuccessful presidential bids. He was known as the Great Compromiser for his role i the compromises of 1820, 1833, and 1850

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Impressment

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the forceful drafting of Am. sailors into the British navy; b/w 1790 and 1812, over 10,000 Am.s were impressed, the British claiming that they were deserters from the Royal navy. This was the principle cause of the War of 1812

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John Marshall

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Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court, 1801-1835; arguably Am's most influential Chief Justice, he authored Court decisions that incorporated Hamilton's Federalist ideas int the Constitution. He also established the principle of judicial review, which gave the Court equality with other branches of the govt

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LA Purchase

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an 828,000-sq.-mile region purchased from France in 1803 for $15million; the acquisition doubled the size of the US and gave it control of the Mississippi River and New Orleans. Jefferson uncharacteristically relied on implied powers in the Constitution (lose construction) for the authority to make this purchase.

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Macon's Bill No. 2 (1810)

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modified embargo that replaced the Non-Intercourse Act of 1809; this measure reopened trade with both Britain and France but held hat if either agreed to respect America's neutrality in their conflict, the US would end trade with the other

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Marbury v. Madison (1803)

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court case that established the principle of judicial review, which allowed the Supreme Court to determine if federal laws were constitutional. In this case, the Court struck down part of the Judiciary Act of 1789, which the justices believed gave the Court power that exceeded the Constitution's intent

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McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

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Supreme Court case in which the Court established the supremacy of federal law over state law; in this case the Court set aside a Maryland law that attempted to control the actions f the Baltimore branch of the Second National Bank by taxing it. By preventing Maryland from regulating the Bank, the ruling strengthened federal supremacy, weakened states' rights, and promoted commercial interests.

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Missouri Compromise (1820)

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settlement of a dispute over the spread of slavery that was authored by Henry Clau; the agreement had 3 parts: 1. Missouri became the 12th slave state; 2. to maintain the balance b/w free and slave states in Congress, Maine became the 12th free state; 3. the LA territory was divided at 36 30, with the northern part closed to slavery and the southern area allowing slavery. This compromise resolved the 1st real debate over the future of slavery to arise since the Constitution was ratified

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Monroe Doctrine (1823)

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issued to counter a perceived threat from Euro powers to the newly-independent nations of LAtin America; it proclaimed: 1. no new colonization in the western hemisphere; 2. existing colonies would not be interfered with; and . the US would not interfere in Euro affairs. It became the cornerstone of US Latin American policy for the next century

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Non-Intercouse Act (1809)

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replaced the embargo policy by allowing American trade with all countries except Britain and BFrance; like the Embargo Act, this attempt to use American trade as an instrument of foreign policy failed. British and French interference w/ US shipping continued and the Non-Intercourse Act was repealed in 1810

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Panic of 1819

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severe depression that followed the economic boom of the post-War of 1812 years; the Second National Bank, trying to dampen land speculation and inflation, called loans, raised interest rates, and received blame for the panic. All this helped divide the commercial interests of the East from the agrarian interests of an expanding West

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Second Bank of the US

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natl bank organized in 1816; closely modeled after the first Bank of theUs, it held federal tax receipts and regulated the amount of money circulating in the economy. The Bak proved to be very unpopular among western and speculators and farmers, especially after the Panic of 1819.

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Treaty of Ghent (1815)

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agreement that ended the War of 1812 but was silent on the causes of the war; all captured territory was returned and unresolved issues such as ownership of the Great Lakes were left to future negotiation.

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War Hawks

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young Congress,en in the 12th Congress from the south and West who emended war from Britain; led by Henry Clay and John Calhoun, they hoped to annex Canada, defend US maritime rights, and end trouble with Native Americans in the Trans-Appalachian West