Ap Us History Chapter 8

Front 1

Homesteading

Back 1

Moving to and establishing farms in the West

Front 2

Trans-Appalachian region

Back 2

Area west of the Appalachian Mts. to the Mississippi R. settled after American Revolution

Front 3

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Back 3

Treaty after American Revolution that gave the trans-Appalachian region to the US

Front 4

Henry Knox

Back 4

President Washington’s 1st secretary of war who favored assimilating Native Americans

Front 5

Treaty of Fort Stanwix

Back 5

1784 treaty that gave Indian lands in NY and PA to US

Front 6

Western Confederacy

Back 6

Indian organization in OH that fought settlement of region

Front 7

Little Turtle

Back 7

Miami chief and leader of Western Confederation who defeated US in 1790 and 1791

Front 8

General “Mad Anthony” Wayne

Back 8

US general who defeated the Western Confederation at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794

Front 9

Treaty of Greenville (OH)

Back 9

1795 treaty which gave land in trans-Appalachian west to Western Confederation so long as the Indians acknowledged the political sovereignty of US in region

Front 10

Speculators

Back 10

People who bought large tracts of land in the West in hopes of selling it for profit

Front 11

Squatters

Back 11

People who settle on land they don’t own

Front 12

The Old Southwest

Back 12

The future states of AL. Miss & LA

Front 13

Eli Whitney

Back 13

US inventor of the cotton gin

Front 14

Freehold Agriculture

Back 14

Farming in which individuals own their own land

Front 15

Erie Canal

Back 15

1819 canal that connected western NY to the Hudson R.

Front 16

Republican Party

Back 16

Jefferson’s political party that emphasized freeholder agriculture, western settlement, and states’ rights

Front 17

“Virginia Dynasty”

Back 17

1801-1825 control of Presidency by 3 VA Republicans (Jefferson, Madison & Monroe)

Front 18

Judiciary Act

Back 18

1801 act which created new judgeships and courts

Front 19

“Midnight appointments”

Back 19

Federalist Pres Adams appoints many Federalist judges to protect federalist legislation against the Republicans just before he left office in 1801

Front 20

Judicial Review

Back 20

Idea that the Supreme Court has the final say on all laws in US

Front 21

Marbury v. Madison

Back 21

1803 Supreme Court case in which Chief Justice Marshall established idea of judicial review

Front 22

Albert Gallatin

Back 22

Jefferson’s anti-debt secretary of the treasury

Front 23

Notes on the State of VA

Back 23

1785 Jefferson tract promoting western settlement and celebrating yeoman farmers

Front 24

Pinckney’s Treaty

Back 24

1795 treaty which allowed shipping on Miss R to Spanish-controlled New Orleans

Front 25

Land Act of 1820

Back 25

Lowered price and minimum acreage of western lands to promote settlement

Front 26

Louisiana Purchase

Back 26

1803 purchase of Louisiana Territory from France which required Jefferson to adopt a broad interpretation of Presidential powers even though he’d always promoted a narrow one

Front 27

Lewis and Clark

Back 27

Explorers sent by Jefferson in 1804 to scope out the Louisiana Territory

Front 28

Northern Confederacy

Back 28

Name for a separate nation in New England called for after Louisiana Purchase threatened Federalists in New England who feared a loss of power with yeoman settlement in west

Front 29

Aaron Burr

Back 29

Jefferson’s VP who supported Northern Confederacy and killed Alexander Hamilton in a duel

Front 30

General James Wilkerson

Back 30

Military governor of Louisiana who plotted with then betrayed Burr

Front 31

Impressment

Back 31

British practice of forcing US sailors to work on British ships which, in part, led to War of 1812

Front 32

Peaceful Coercion

Back 32

President Jefferson’s policy towards Britain to avoid war and end impressment

Front 33

Embargo Act

Back 33

1807 Jefferson and Sec of State Madison’s embargo of Brit & French trade which hurt US econ

Front 34

Force Act

Back 34

Republican act that gave power to customs officials to enforce Embargo Act. It was attacked by Federalists who said it was tyrannical

Front 35

James Madison

Back 35

2nd VA Dynasty Pres elected in 1808 despite being a weak Sec of State under Jefferson

Front 36

“War Hawks”

Back 36

Republican congressmen from the West who wanted to fight England in 1812

Front 37

Tecumseh

Back 37

Shawnee chief who revived Western Confederacy in 1790s and tried to get settlers out of trans-Appalachians

Front 38

William Henry Harrison

Back 38

Gov of Indiana Territory who defeated Western Confederacy at the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811

Front 39

Henry Clay

Back 39

War Hawk KY representative and Speaker of the House during the War of 1812

Front 40

John C. Calhoun

Back 40

War Hawk SC representative

Front 41

Commodore Perry

Back 41

US naval leader who beat the Brits on Lake Erie during War of 1812

Front 42

General William Henry Harrison

Back 42

US general who defeated Brits at Battle of the Thames in 1813

Front 43

Daniel Webster

Back 43

Anti-war of 1812 Federalist representative from NH

Front 44

Andrew Jackson

Back 44

TN military commander who beat the Brits at Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814

Front 45

Hartford Convention

Back 45

1814 meeting of anti-war New Englanders. Some wanted secession but ultimately proposed only that Constitution be amended to limit presidents to one term and require that presidency rotate among states. This, they hoped, would end VA Dynasty.

Front 46

Treaty of Ghent

Back 46

1814 treaty that ended the War of 1812 which restored prewar borders in America

Front 47

Battle of New Orleans

Back 47

1815 victory by Jackson over Brits after the War of 1812 had ended. It made Jackson a national hero and saved the Republican Party

Front 48

John Quincy Adams

Back 48

Son of 2nd President John Adams who became a national hero for brokering the Treaty of Ghent

Front 49

Rush-Bagot Treaty

Back 49

J. Q. Adams brokered 1817 treaty with Brit which reduced navies (and tensions)

Front 50

Adams-Onis Treaty

Back 50

J.Q. Adams brokered 1819 treaty which gave US FL

Front 51

Entrepreneurs

Back 51

People who risk their own money to make a profit

Front 52

John Jacob Astor

Back 52

Early American millionaire fur trader

Front 53

First Bank of the US

Back 53

Established in 1791 by Federalist Hamilton to issue notes and lend money. President Madison did not renew its charter when it expired in 1811 because Republicans were suspicious of bankers and economic interference by the federal government

Front 54

Second Bank of The US

Back 54

Established in 1816 by President Madison after he saw the need for a national bank

Front 55

Panic of 1819

Back 55

Economic downturn caused by falling agricultural prices which caused farmers to default on loans and banks to go bankrupt. It was the first major economic downturn in US history

Front 56

Commonwealth System

Back 56

Early US economic plan to promote economic development by investing in transportation

Front 57

Corporate Charters

Back 57

Government

Front 58

Limited Liability

Back 58

Law that meant investors were not responsible for paying company’s debt in case of bankruptcy

Front 59

Eminent Domain

Back 59

Govern-granted rights to private companies to build things (like roads or canals)

Front 60

John Marshall

Back 60

Federalist Chief Justice of Supreme Court from 1801-1835

Front 61

McCulloch v. Maryland

Back 61

1819 Marshall court ruling that articulated idea of “necessary and proper” and ruled that “the power to tax involves the power to destroy”

Front 62

Gibbons v. Ogden

Back 62

1824 Marshall court ruling that asserted the federal gov could regulate interstate commerce

Front 63

Fletcher v. Peck

Back 63

1810 Marshall court ruling that the federal government could protect contracts even if the states object

Front 64

Dartmouth College v. Woodward

Back 64

1819 Marshall Court ruling that the federal government could protect contracts even if the states object

Front 65

“Era of Good Feelings”

Back 65

1817-1825 tenure of President Monroe during which Republicans ran the country and mostly US citizens were happy with their policies