Ap Us History Chapter 29

Front 1

Ho Chi Minh-

Back 1

N Vietnamese communist leader

Front 2

Vietminh-

Back 2

Ho Chi Minh’s communist soldiers

Front 3

Bao Dai-

Back 3

French-installed puppet leader in S Vietnam from 1950-1954

Front 4

Domino Effect (or theory)-

Back 4

Idea that if one country fell to communists more would topple

Front 5

Dienbienphu-

Back 5

French forces taken by the Vietminh in 1954

Front 6

17th parallel-

Back 6

Line established in 1954 separating communist N from non-communist S Vietnam

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Diem-

Back 7

Catholic, anti-communist who took control of S Vietnam (w/US help) in 1954 and called off elections in 1956 (w/US support)

Front 8

Saigon-

Back 8

Capital of S Vietnam

Front 9

Advisors-

Back 9

Term for US soldiers & others who helped Diem during the 1950s & 60s

Front 10

National Liberation Front-

Back 10

aka NLF aka Vietcong. Organized in 1960. Communists in S Vietnam who fought v. Diem.

Front 11

Hearts and Minds-

Front 12

Strategic hamlet policy-

Back 12

Diem’s policy of putting peasants in barbed wire compounds to keep them from Ho Chi Minh’s sympathizers. It was unpopular & undermined Diem’s popularity who was assassinated in 1963.

Front 13

McNamara-

Back 13

Sec of State during Vietnam War

Front 14

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution-

Back 14

1964. US claims that N Vietnam fired on US boats in international waters & congress grants Pres Johnson right to send in troops

Front 15

Operation Rolling Thunder-

Back 15

1965-1968. US attack on N Vietnam including massive bombing raids on industries & Ho Chi Minh Trail

Front 16

Ho Chi Minh Trail-

Back 16

N Vietnamese communist supply line that ran through Cambodia & Laos

Front 17

Agent Orange-

Back 17

Defoliant used by US to expose communist hiding places in jungle

Front 18

Twenty-Sixth Amendment-

Back 18

1971. Lowered voting age to 18.

Front 19

Student Deferments-

Back 19

Policy of allowing college students to avoid being drafted while attending university

Front 20

Credibility Gap-

Back 20

Term for the perception people in US began to have that the war was going badly while Pres Johnson’s administration asserted it was going well

Front 21

Fulbright-

Back 21

Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chair whose 1966 hearings questioned war’s winnability

Front 22

SANE-

Back 22

National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy

Front 23

SDS-

Back 23

aka Students for a Democratic Society. Founded in 1962 its Port Huron Statement (written by Tom Hayden) outlined their “New Left” philosophy

Front 24

New Left-

Back 24

1960’s activist agenda that didn’t stress Old Left pro-communism, rather anti-war, pro-civil rights, anti-consumerism, anti-traditional American culture agenda

Front 25

FSM-

Back 25

aka Free Speech Movement. Founded at Berkeley in 1964 after the school attempted to limit political activity on campus

Front 26

Teach-ins-

Back 26

Modeled on sit-ins & first held at U of Michigan in 1965 to protest the war

Front 27

Stop the Draft Week-

Back 27

Huge 1967 protest

Front 28

Counterculture-

Back 28

Term for people like “hippies” & “flower children” who rejected traditional American values & embraced non-traditional lifestyles

Front 29

Bob Dylan-

Back 29

1960s protest folk singer whose “Blowin’ in the Wind” became an anti-war anthem

Front 30

The Beatles-

Back 30

1960s pop-rock band from England who became leaders in the counterculture movement

Front 31

Marijuana & LSD-

Back 31

Drugs of choice for counterculture

Front 32

Woodstock-

Back 32

1969 counterculture concert in NY

Front 33

Timothy Leary-

Back 33

Counterculture LSD advocate who encouraged people to “tune in, turn on & drop out”

Front 34

Nation of Islam-

Back 34

aka Black Muslims. Black separatist movement founded in the 1960s by Elijah Muhammad

Front 35

Malcolm X-

Back 35

Charismatic Nation of Islam leader who was assassinated by members Black Muslims in 1965

Front 36

Black Power-

Back 36

1960s militant movement led by people like Stokely Carmichael that called for black self-reliance

Front 37

Black Panthers-

Back 37

Militant black movement founded in Oakland, CA by Huey Newton & Bobby Seale

Front 38

Black Pride-

Back 38

Term for 1960s emphasis on racial pride

Front 39

Afro-American-

Back 39

Term that began to replace Negro in the 1960s

Front 40

Long Hot Summers-

Back 40

1964-1967 series of riots in major US cities to protest black conditions

Front 41

Kerner Commission-

Back 41

Established after Long Hot Summers by LBJ, it warned that the US needed to address issues of inequality

Front 42

April 4, 1968-

Back 42

Dr. Martin Luther King was assassinated in Memphis TN

Front 43

MAPA-

Back 43

Mexican American Political Association. It helped to elect Mexican Americans to congress in the 1960s

Front 44

Chicano-

Back 44

Term that replaced Mexican American in 1960s

Front 45

La Raza Unida-

Back 45

aka The United Race. Formed in 1960s to promote Chicano interests

Front 46

United Farm Workers-

Back 46

aka UFW. Chavez’s union which achieved recognition in 1970 after grape pickers’ strike

Front 47

Native Americans-

Back 47

Term that began to replace Indians in 1960s

Front 48

AIM-

Back 48

aka American Indian Movement. A militant civil rights movement formed in Minnesota in 1968

Front 49

Alcatraz Island-

Back 49

Occupied by AIM from 1969-1971 to protest Native American conditions

Front 50

Wounded Knee-

Back 50

1973 SD site where a Native American protest led to deaths

Front 51

Identity Politics-

Back 51

Idea that people should be thought of and dealt with as members of groups, not individuals

Front 52

Stonewall Riot-

Back 52

Homosexual riot in NY City in 1969 which brought attention to the gay liberation movement

Front 53

Gay-

Back 53

Term that began to replace homosexual in the 1960s

Front 54

Feminism-

Back 54

Term for women’s rights movements

Front 55

The Pill-

Back 55

Term for the birth control pill which became available in 1960

Front 56

The Feminine Mystique-

Back 56

1963 Betty Friedan’s feminist manifesto

Front 57

NOW-

Back 57

aka National Organization for Women founded by Friedan in 1966.

Front 58

Women’s Liberation-

Back 58

aka Women’s Lib. Militant feminists who protested the Miss America Pageant in 1968

Front 59

General Thieu-

Back 59

US backed leader of S Vietnam after 1967

Front 60

Tet Offensive-

Back 60

Jan 1968 N Vietnamese attack on major cities. It was a strategic failure but a huge PR victory for N VN.

Front 61

Hawks-

Back 61

Pro-war people

Front 62

Doves-

Back 62

Anti-war people

Front 63

Senator McCarthy-

Back 63

Anti-war presidential candidate whose success forced LBJ out of the 1968 election

Front 64

Robert Kennedy-

Back 64

JFK’s brother & att general who was assassinated in 1968 while campaigning for presidency

Front 65

1968 Democratic Convention-

Back 65

Anti-war Yippies Ruben & Hoffman turn the demo convention into a riot when Chicago Mayor Daley’s police aggressively round up protesters

Front 66

Hubert Humphrey-

Back 66

LBJ’s VP & demo presidential candidate in 1968

Front 67

Law and Order-

Back 67

Major campaign issue in 1968, especially after the riotous demo convention in Chicago

Front 68

George Wallace-

Back 68

Ex- democratic AL gov & “law & order” and segregationist 3rd party candidate in 1968

Front 69

Nixon-

Back 69

Ike’s VP who lost to JFK in 1960 but was nominated by repubs in 1968

Front 70

Election of 1968-

Back 70

Repub Nixon narrowly defeats Demo Humphrey

Front 71

Silent Majority-

Back 71

Term for Americans who didn’t protest or reject traditional American culture. It was used by Nixon in 1968

Front 72

Kissinger-

Back 72

Nixon’s national security advisor (later sec of state) who was Nixon’s chief advisor on war

Front 73

Vietnamization-

Back 73

Nixon’s policy of shifting fighting to S Vietnamese, not Americans

Front 74

Laos & Cambodia-

Back 74

Neighbors of Vietnam where Vietcong took refuge & the US eventually bombed

Front 75

Khmer Rouge-

Back 75

Vicious communist regime that took over Cambodia from 1975-1979 after US bombing destabilized the country

Front 76

Agnew-

Back 76

Nixon’s VP who had to resign after being indicted for taking bribes while gov of MD

Front 77

Kent State-

Back 77

OH university and site of anti-war protest which led to 4 deaths of students by national guardsmen

Front 78

Fragging-

Back 78

Term for soldiers intentionally killing their own officers in Vietnam

Front 79

My Lai Massacre-

Back 79

1968 massacre of civilians by US soldiers under Lieut. Calley which was made public in 1971

Front 80

Détente-

Back 80

Nixon’s policy of seeking peaceful coexistence with communists

Front 81

SALT-

Back 81

Strategic Arms Limitations Treaties

Front 82

Christmas Bombings-

Back 82

1972 US bombings designed to bring the N Vietnamese to the bargaining table

Front 83

Ho Chi Minh City-

Back 83

New name for Saigon after communists took over all of Vietnam in 1975

Front 84

Vietnam Syndrome-

Back 84

Term for how many in US became much less willing to get involved in international conflicts

Front 85

War Powers Act-

Back 85

1973 law that required presidents to report any use of military to congress & get congressional approval for long-term military engagements