Ap Us History- Chapter 1

Front 1

Christopher Columbus

Back 1

Italian mariner who sailed west across the Atlantic in search of the Indies and found the Americas instead.

Front 2

Amerigo Vespucci

Back 2

Italian dude who first suggested that America was a new continent. Hence, America is named after him. Sorry Columbus.

Front 3

Ferdinand Magellan

Back 3

Portuguese guy that led the first voyage around the globe.

Front 4

Hernando Cortes

Back 4

Leader of los conquistadores, who invaded and destroyed the Aztecs.

Front 5

Bartolomelo de las Casas

Back 5

Catholic missionary and bishop in Mexico who wrote "A Brief Relation of the Destruction of the Indies"; defended the Native Americans.

Front 6

Juan Ponce de León

Back 6

First known explorer of Florida; governor of Puerto Rico

Front 7

Juan de Oñate

Back 7

Founder of first Spanish settlement in New Mexico

Front 8

Popé

Back 8

Pueblo leader who organized rebellion, which resulted in driving Spaniards out of New Mexico.

Front 9

Pope

Back 9

Kevin Lee

Front 10

Church of England

Back 10

Anglican Church, unites church and state under monarchy.

Front 11

Francis Drake

Back 11

English privateer who led British fleet against Spanish Armada.

Front 12

Sir Walter Raleigh

Back 12

Half-bro of Sir Humphrey Gilbert; sponsored expedition to Roanoke Island... The colony that just sorta poofed.

Front 13

Treaty of Tordesillas

Back 13

Treaty between Spain and Portugal defining the Spanish claim on exploration and settlement west of the Cape Verde Islands.

Front 14

Encomienda

Back 14

System used by the Spanish conquistadors, whereby favored officers became privileged landowners who controlled Indian villages or groups of them.

Front 15

Hacienda

Back 15

Great farm or ranch.

Front 16

Christopher Columbus

Back 16

Italian mariner who sailed west across the Atlantic in search of the Indies and found the Americas instead.

Front 17

Amerigo Vespucci

Back 17

Italian dude who first suggested that America was a new continent. Hence, America is named after him. Sorry Columbus.

Front 18

Ferdinand Magellan

Back 18

Portuguese guy that led the first voyage around the globe.

Front 19

Hernando Cortes

Back 19

Leader of los conquistadores, who invaded and destroyed the Aztecs.

Front 20

Bartolomelo de las Casas

Back 20

Catholic missionary and bishop in Mexico who wrote "A Brief Relation of the Destruction of the Indies"; defended the Native Americans.

Front 21

St. Augustine

Back 21

A Spanish outpost in Florida, it became the first European town in present-day USA.

Front 22

Presidio

Back 22

A fort where soldiers who were sent to protect Spanish missions were housed.

Front 23

Galleon

Back 23

Heavy ship used by the Spanish Armada.

Front 24

common law

Back 24

Developed beginning in the 12th century, English common law was established to check the arbitrary power of local nobles.

Front 25

joint stock companies

Back 25

Ancestors of the modern corporation, in which stockholders shared the risks and profits for single ventures or on a permanent basis. Some of the larger charters managed to get royal charters that entitled them to monopolies in certain areas and even governmental powers in their posts.

Front 26

enclosure movement

Back 26

Policy of landlords to "enclose" farmland, evicting human tenants in favor of sheep, and thus displacing the peasant population.

Front 27

Oliver Cromwell

Back 27

Commander of the army and Lord Protector of Great Britain; まるで military dictator; religious toleration to all but Catholics and Anglicans

Front 28

Powhatan

Back 28

Wahunsonacock. Chief of Algonquian-speaking towns representing more than 10,000 Indians. Developed lucrative trade with colonists.

Front 29

John Smith

Back 29

Did NOT marry Pocahontas!! Resident Council to manage Jamestown. "He that will not work shall not eat"

Front 30

John Rolfe

Back 30

It's THIS guy that marries Pocahontas, Walt...

Front 31

Sir William Berkeley

Back 31

Elitist governor of Virginia, appointed by Charles I

Front 32

Toleration Act of 1689

Back 32

Extended a degree of freedom of worship to all Christians except Catholics and Unitarians, although dissenters from the established church still had few political rights.

Front 33

Jamestown

Back 33

Intended as the first permanent British colony, settled in 1606 on the banks of the James River in Virginia.

Front 34

headright policy

Back 34

Gave anyone who bought a share in the company and could get to Virginia could have 50 acres, and 50 more for any additional servants.

Front 35

Bacon's Rebellion

Back 35

Revolt of common laborers and small farmers against Virginia's wealthiest planters and political leaders.

Front 36

proprietary colony

Back 36

Colony owned by an individual, rather than a joint-stock company.

Front 37

separatists

Back 37

Aka Pilgrims, rigorously devout Puritans who had severed all ties with the Church of England.

Front 38

Mayflower Compact

Back 38

Formal agreement made by 41 Pilgrim leaders prior to landing at Plymouth to abide by laws of their own devising.

Front 39

covenant

Back 39

an agreement

Front 40

William Bradford

Back 40

Leader of the Mayflower Pilgrims and governor of the Plymouth colony.