Ap Us History Ch.8 Nationalism And Economic Development

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Era of Good Feeling

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the period of time marked by a spirit of nationalism, optimism, and goodwill, due to the federalist party ending. only lasted from the election of 1816, up to the panic of 1819

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protective tariff

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raised tariff rates by congress to keep US factories from losing their business to british goods they have previously made during the war of 1812

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James Monroe

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5th president of the United states. was president Jefferson's minister to great britain, and Madison's Secretary of state. presidency known for missouri compromise, and the Monroe Doctrine

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Tariff of 1816

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first protective tariff in US history.

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Henry Clay's American System

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a comprehensive method for advancing the US economic growth, involving protective tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements

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2nd Bank of the United States

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chartered during the last year of Madison's presidency. was to keep econ. system running smoothly in all sections through making national currency, but tightened credit to stop inflation

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Panic of 1819

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1st major financial panic since the constitution had been ratified. many state banks closed, money value fell, and large increases in unemployment, bankruptcy, and debt. worst in the west.

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John Marshall

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Federalist chief justice of the Supreme Court. first appointed by President Adams in 1800. most were persuaded by him that the US const. made a Union of States and a gov.t with strong and flexible powers.

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Fletcher v. Peck 1810

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case involving land fraud in Georgia. Marshall concluded that a state should not pass legislation invalidating a contract.

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Martin v. Hunter's Lease 1816

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Supreme court has jurisdiction over state courts in cases involving constitutional rights

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McCulloch v. Maryland 1819

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Marshall ruled that the federal this case showed that the Gov.t had the implied power to create the back, so the state could not tax a federal institution.

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Cohens v. Virginia 1821

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this case showed that the Supreme Court could review a state court decision involving any of the powers of the federal gov.t

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Gibbons v. Ogden 1821

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in Ruling that NY monopoly was unconstitutional, Marshall established the federal Gov. broad control of interstate commerce

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Tallmadge Amendment

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called for prohibiting the further importing of slaves in Missouri, and requiring the children of Missouri slaves to be emancipated at age 25

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Missouri Compromise (1820)

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Missouri entered the union as a slave holding state and Maine as free state.Louisiana territory north of latitude 36 degrees and 30' , slavery was prohibited.

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Stephen Decatur

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Led a fleet in 1815 to force the rulers of North Africa to allow American shipping the free use of the Mediterranean.

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Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817)

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Strictly limited naval armament on the Great Lakes.

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Treaty of 1818

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It resolved standing boundary issues between the two nations, and allowed for joint occupation and settlement of the Oregon Country.

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Andrew Jackson

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A veteran of the Revolutionary War and the War of 1812. He led a force of militiamen into Florida, destroyed Seminole villages and hanged two Seminole chiefs.

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Florida Purchase Treaty (1819)

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Settled long‐standing disputes between the United States and Spain.Madrid ceded East Florida to the Americans, while Washington surrendered its claims to Texas and agreed to assume payment of American financial claims against the Spanish up to $5 million.

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Monroe Doctrine

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U.S. foreign-policy statement first enunciated by Pres. James Monroe on Dec. 2, 1823, declaring the Western Hemisphere off-limits to European colonization.

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Lancaster Turnpike

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Built in the 1790s connected Philadelphia with the rich farmlands around Lancaster.

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National (Cumberland) Road

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Only exception of support from federal and state money for internal improvement. A paved highway and major route to the West extending more than a thousand miles from Maryland to Illinois.(1811-1850)

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Erie Canal

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Built in New York in 1825, it linked the economies of western farms and eastern cities.

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Robert Fulton; steamboats

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Built the first steamboat in 1807 which had a successful voyage up the Hudson river of the Clermont.

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Railroads

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First built in the late 1820s.By 1830s it was competing with canals as an alternative method for carrying passengers and freights.

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Eli Whitney; changeable parts

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Famous American inventor who devised a system for making rifles out of interchangeable parts.

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Corporations

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A body created for purposes of government.Risk only the amount of money that they invested in a venture.(Selling shares of stocks).

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Robert Fulton; steamboats

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Built the first steamboat in 1807 which had a successful voyage up the Hudson river of the Clermont.

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Samuel Slater

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Emigrant from England who took with him the British secrets for building cotton-spinning machines. He helped to established the first U.S. factory in 1791.

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Factory System

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A concentration of the processes of manufacturing—fixed capital, raw material, and labor—under one roof, in order to provide the mass production of a standardized product or products.

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Railroads

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First built in the late 1820s.By 1830s it was competing with canals as an alternative method for carrying passengers and freights.

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Lowell System; textile mills

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A method of factory management that evolved in the textile mills of Lowell, Massachusetts, owned by the Boston Manufacturing Company.

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Industrialization

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Process of converting to a socioeconomic order in which industry is dominant.

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Eli Whitney; changeable parts

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Famous American inventor who devised a system for making rifles out of interchangeable parts.

Front 36

Corporations

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A body created for purposes of government.Risk only the amount of money that they invested in a venture.(Selling shares of stocks).

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Specialization

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Adaptation to a specific function.

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Cotton gin

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Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793 which transformed the agricultural region of the South.

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Samuel Slater

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Emigrant from England who took with him the British secrets for building cotton-spinning machines. He helped to established the first U.S. factory in 1791.

Front 40

Factory System

Back 40

A concentration of the processes of manufacturing—fixed capital, raw material, and labor—under one roof, in order to provide the mass production of a standardized product or products.

Front 41

Lowell System; textile mills

Back 41

A method of factory management that evolved in the textile mills of Lowell, Massachusetts, owned by the Boston Manufacturing Company.

Front 42

Industrialization

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Process of converting to a socioeconomic order in which industry is dominant.

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Specialization

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Adaptation to a specific function.

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Cotton gin

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Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin in 1793 which transformed the agricultural region of the South.

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Market Revolution

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Interdependence among people. Farmers fed workers, workers in turn provided farm families with mass produced goods.

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Union

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The act of uniting or the state of being united. (organization)