Ap Us Government: Unit 4

Front 1

Profile Ads

Back 1

These ads are used to acquaint voters with the candidate's values, vision, personality, and character. Common to appear first in campaign as intro to candidate

Front 2

Testimonial Ads

Back 2

endorsements from individuals, either celebrities, or average interview

Front 3

Accomplishment Ads

Back 3

incumbents can "run on their record," pointing out their accomplishments in television commercials as a way to answer the "what have you done for me lately" question from voters

Front 4

Negative Ads

Back 4

i.e attack ads, raise question about an opponent's record, character, honesty, or leadership ability.

Front 5

Response Ads

Back 5

response to an opponent's negative ad.

Front 6

Issue Ads

Back 6

deal with a single issue, giving the voters a chance to hear the candidate's views or stands

Front 7

Scare Tactic ads

Back 7

put fear into the hearts and minds of the voters about other candidate

Front 8

Generic Ads

Back 8

produced by the parties designed not to get you to vote for a particular candidate but to vote for the candidates of a particular party

Front 9

Bandwagon

Back 9

creates the impression of widespread support for a candidate

Front 10

Transfer

Back 10

used to associate a candidate with an idea, person, or object that is honored and respected

Front 11

Name Calling

Back 11

means accusations that imply there is something wrong with an opponent

Front 12

Plain Folks

Back 12

win public confidence by showing that the candidate is "just one of us"

Front 13

Glittering Generalities

Back 13

broad, sweeping, and often vague statements made by a candidate that gloss over the detail (most widely used)

Front 14

Card Stacking

Back 14

candidate present only one side of the issues by juggling, distorting, or omitting the facts

Front 15

Total number of electors

Back 15

538

Front 16

Number of electoral votes
needed to win

Back 16

270

Front 17

Each state gets a number of electors equal to the

Back 17

Total number of representatives and senators in the U.S. Congress from that state

Front 18

Pledge Laws

Back 18

Electors are bound
by their states’ popular
vote in 26 states and DC

Front 19

Suffrage

Back 19

right to vote

Front 20

suffrage expansion in chronological order

Back 20

1) ONLY white, male, property owners over the age of 21 could vote.
2)Property ownership no longer a requirement in most states by 1850s
3)15th Amendment (1870): Black males given the right to vote.
4)Grandfather Clause: Laws passed in mostly southern states; if your grandfather could vote in 1867 then you can vote too. Outlawed in 1915
5)19th Amendment (1920): Women given the right to vote.
6)23rd Amendment:D.C. voting rights; residents of the District of Columbia given the right to vote.
7)Poll Taxes:Fees paid to vote; applied unfairly, mainly based on race. Outlawed by 24th Amendment (1964)
8)Literacy Tests:Detailed questions about the Constitution, U.S. History used to test a person’s worthiness to vote. Outlawed by Voting Rights Act of 1965.
9)Residency Requirements: Laws requiring voters to live in state for a certain length of time before eligibility. Requirements must be reasonable – Voting Rights Act of 1970
10) 26th Amendment (1971): 18 year olds given the right to vote.
11)Language Barriers: Voting Rights Act of 1975 allows for multilingual ballots.

Front 21

5 Reasons given for not voting

Back 21

1) Too busy; no time
2) Didn’t register
3) Election day is Tuesday
4) No competition,negative ads
5) Feel disconnected with process

Front 22

Legitimacy

Back 22

idea that elections are universally accepted as fair and free

Front 23

Referendum

Back 23

voters directly approve or disapprove of a legislative act

Front 24

Initiative Petition

Back 24

citizens propose a law but requires 10 percent of voters of previous election

Front 25

Suffrage

Back 25

the right to vote

Front 26

Political Efficacy

Back 26

belief that one’s vote can make a difference

Front 27

Civic Duty

Back 27

belief that a citizen should vote to promote democracy

Front 28

Voter Registration

Back 28

requires voters to register before voting and differs by state

Front 29

Motor Voter Act

Back 29

allows people to register to vote when applying for a driver’s license

Front 30

Mandate Theory of Elections

Back 30

that when voted into office, the people have spoken for a candidate to carry out his mandate

Front 31

Policy Voting

Back 31

choices made on the basis of the voter’s policy preferences

Front 32

Electoral College

Back 32

selection of the president by electors

Front 33

Retrospective Voting

Back 33

voting based on how an incumbent or party has helped a voter

Front 34

Nomination

Back 34

a party endorsement for a candidate for office

Front 35

Campaign Strategy

Back 35

the methods candidates take to gain a nomination

Front 36

National Party Convention

Back 36

an event where a candidate in nominated

Front 37

McGovern-Fraser Commission

Back 37

made party nominations more representative

Front 38

Superdelegates

Back 38

people guaranteed a delegate position based on the office they hold

Front 39

Caucus

Back 39

open event at a fixed time where voters meet to discuss and cast votes

Front 40

Presidential Primaries

Back 40

event where the voters go to the polls

Front 41

Frontloading

Back 41

pushing primaries early as to “make an impact” in the election process

Front 42

National Primary

Back 42

proposed nationwide primary to replace the current system

Front 43

Regional Primaries

Back 43

series of primaries allocated to each region to replace current system

Front 44

Party Platform

Back 44

party’s goals and policies for the next presidential term

Front 45

Direct Mail

Back 45

mail to those who have supported the candidate in hopes of receiving donations

Front 46

Federal Election Campaign Act

Back 46

reformed campaign finances by limiting campaign spending

Front 47

Federal Election Commission

Back 47

administers campaign finance law

Front 48

Presidential Election Campaign Fund

Back 48

given to candidates to subsidize campaigns

Front 49

Matching Funds

Back 49

federal money to match $250 contributions for campaign

Front 50

Soft Money

Back 50

money given for advertising and expenses not subject to limits

Front 51

527 Groups

Back 51

do not directly seek election of candidates and thus are less restricted

Front 52

501 Groups

Back 52

are not required to report contributions and can receive unlimited amounts

Front 53

Political Action Committees

Back 53

created by corporations and union to raise money for campaigns

Front 54

Selective Perception

Back 54

people’s beliefs guide what they pay the most attention to and how they interpret views