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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The person already holding an elective office
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incumbent
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The alleged tendency of candidates to win more votes in an election because of the presence at the top of the ticket of a better-known candidate, such as the president
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coattails
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A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations
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political action committee (PAC)
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Drawing the boundaries of legislative districts so that they are unequal in population
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malapportionment
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Drawing the boundaries of legislative districts in bizarre or unusual shapes to favor one party
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gerrymandering
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An increase in the votes congressional candidates usually get when the first run for reelection
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sophomore surge
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An issue about which the public is divided and rival candidates or political parties adopt different policy positions
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position issue
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An issue about which the public is united and rival candidates or political parties adopt similar positions in hopes that each will be thought to best represent those widely shared beliefs
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valence issue
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An election held to choose which candidate will hold office
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general election
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An election held to choose candidates for office
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primary election
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A primary election in which voting is limited to already registered party members
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closed primary
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A primary election in which voters may choose in which party to vote as they enter the polling place
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open primary
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A primary election in which each voter may vote for candidates from both parties
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blanket primary
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A second primary election held when no candidate wins a majority of the votes in the first primary
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runoff primary
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Spending by political action committees, corporations, or labor unions that is done to help a party or candidate but is done independently of them
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independent expenditures
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Funds obtained by political parties that are spent on party activities such as get-out-the-vote drives, but not on behalf of a specific candidate
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soft money
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Organizations that, under section 527 of the Internal Revenue Code, raise and spend money to advance political causes
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527 organizations
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Voting for a candidate because you favor his or her ideas for handling issues
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prospective voting
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Voting for a candidate because you like his or her past actions in office
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retrospective voting
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