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86 Cards in this Set
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who: hamilton
what: govt responsible for public debt how: change uncertain certificates of old confederation to uniform-interest- bearing bonds payable at definite dates |
funding the debt
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who: hamilton
what: govt takes responsibility for public debt how: take over the debts of states accumulated during revolution why: encourage state and federal bondholders to look to central govt for eventual payment signif: want to create permanent national debt where creditors would have permanent stake in govt service surviving |
assuming the debt
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who: hamilton
what: created ________ why: fill void created by absence of well- developed banking system how: provided loans and currency to business depoist for fed. funds controlled by directors prov. stable center signif: madison, jefferson, and randolph were against it house and senate pass bill |
National Bank
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Hamilton laid out a scheme to stimulate growth of industry in US and of the advantages of a healthy manufacturing base
signif: vision of what America should become: wealthy ruling class, independent commerical economy, industrial sector |
Report on Manufacturers
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Hamilton's tax on distillers of alcoholic liquors to raise revenue and protect american manufacturers
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excise tax
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this party was led by Madison and Jefferson. they wanted a decentralized society dominated by small property owners in agrarian activities. because they feared urban mobs and propertyless workers
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republican party
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name the two parties of the First Party System
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Federalists and Republicans
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the two parties reacted very differently to this event.
federalist: in horror of execution of king and queen and attacks on original religion republicans: applaud the democratic anti-aristocratic spirit of french jacobins |
French Revolution
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1794. farmers in PA refuse to pay excise tax and terrorize tax collectors. Washington led militia of 15,000 men to pittsburgh= rebellion collapsed
signif: won rebels allegiance through intimidation |
Whiskey Rebellion
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declared america neutral in war between france and great britain (1789)
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neutrality act
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he was the 1st diplomatic representative to america.
however he didnt go straight to the president in philly> went to charleston used american ports to outfit french warships. commission george rogers clark to lead military exped. against spain signif: washington demands that he be recalled |
Citizen Genet
Edmond Genet |
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he was chief justice of the US supreme court and special commisioner to england
demanded compensation for british assaults on american shipping, withdrawla of brit troops from frontier and a neg. commerical treaty |
John Jay
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this failed to achieve Jay's goals (1794)
signif: settled conflict w/ britain; prevent war between 2 nations; american= soverieng over all NW public opposed it. but eventually it was ratified it senate |
Jay's Treaty
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this asked spain to recognize american right to navigate mississippi river. fix N border of FL along 31st parallel
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Pinckney's Treaty
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long letter that was published in philly newspaper that denounced the republicans. warned against factions. washington
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Washington's Farewell Address
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he was a federalist running mate to Adams who was favored by Hamilton and S federalists.
he divided federalists=> adams wins election over jefferson by 3 votes= jefferson VP |
Thomas Pickney
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advisor to Adams who favored war (sec of state) and detested france
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Thomas Pickering
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french foreign minister in 1797. 3 of his agents demand loan for france and bribe for officials before treaty negotiations began
> america refuses |
Prince Talleyrand
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adams denounced french insults to congress and called agents "Mssrs X,Y,Z" created popular outrage> US undeclared war with france for 2 years
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XYZ affair
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France and US
Adams had congress cut off trade with france, repudiate 1778 treaties, american vessels can capture french france conciliates with US treaty w/ napoleon bonaparte |
Quasi War
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federalists
put obstacles in way to block foreigners from becoming americans prosecute those who are libelous or treasonous discouraged immigration, arrest of republican newspaper editors |
Alien and Sedition Acts
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republicans
theory for state action against alien and sedition acts. used Locke's ideas to say national govt had made contract with state and had only certain delegated powers. if powers were exceeded- states had the right to nullify appropriate laws >> no widepspread nullification. brought disputure to national crisis |
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
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"crusade against ignorance"= enlightened citizens
how: nationwide public schools why: provide an educated electorate signif: by 1815 not a single state had good public school sys. |
Jeffersonian Vision
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their job is to train the new generation.
signif: 1789- mass. required public schools to allow females |
Republican Mother
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published essay defending women's right to education= said men and women were equal in intellect. should have chance to earn their own living
signif: inspired later women; little support during her lifetime |
Judith Seargant Murray
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native americas
uncivilized but not innately inferior> try to school indians in white culture signif: govt did little; missionaries proliferated among tribes |
Noble Savages
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pioneering philadelphia physician
blamed disease on inadequate sanititaion advocated bleeding and purging signif: many patients died |
Benjamin Rush
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CT schoolmaster and lawyer
said american students should be educated as patriots- wrote American Spelling Book simplified spelling system signif: bestselling book besides Bible. speller and dictionaries est. national standard of words and usages |
Noah Webster
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widely acclaimed for satirical histories of american life
leader of american literacy life in 19th c |
Washington Irving
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considered god to be withdrawn from direct involvement with human race
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deism
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written by Thomas Paine
1794& 1796 attacked religious superstitions |
Age of Reason
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rejected belief in predestination- salvation available to all
rejected trinity- said jesus was great religious teacher- not the son of god >> permanent schism= james murray founds unitarian church in 1779 |
universalism and unitarianism
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fight spread of rationalism and revitalize church
presbyterians, methodists, baptists= leaders combine |
second great awakening
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KT - 1801
"camp meeting"- revival lasting several days. 25,000 + people signif: led to other similar events used to recruit new members |
Cane Ridge
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brother of a black preacher
va- 1800 devised plan for slave rebellion in richmond signif: discovered by whites> revivalism continued radical unrest in south |
Gabriel Prosser
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DE prophet- 1760s
sparked revival in NW w/ messages about christian and indian imagery called for inidians to defend lands signif: stimulate indian military efforts of 1763 |
Neolin
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seneca indian
called for a revival of traditional indian ways signif: inspired iroquis communities to give up whiskey, gambling, and other white customs |
Handsome Lake
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didnt accept 2nd great awakening teachings
influence declined- minority |
freethinkers
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built spinning ill for Moses Brown in RI- 1790
1st modern factory in America |
Samuel Slater
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DE
flour mill, card-making machine; improved steam engine; published 1st american textbook of mechanical enginneering Young Mill-Wright's and Miller's Guide |
Oliver Evans
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invented cotton gin
signif: crop increase 10 fold; slavery expanded provided N w/ material to develop textile industry also developed system of making gun parts according to pattern then assembling |
Eli Whitney
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perfected steamboat
1807- hudson river paddle-wheels & steam engine |
Robert Fulton
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this era started in 1792
toll roads run in well populated aread from city to city short distances |
Turnpike Era
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who were the candidates and what was the result of the election of 1800
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Adams (federalist)
jefferson (republican) ugliest election in history Jefferson wins |
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who: Aaron Burr- rev. war veterans
what: republican political machine where: NY signif: carried city and state to rep. vote= jefferson president (tie between Burr and jefferson> house votes> jefferson elected) |
Tammany Society
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lame duck congress
what: reduced # of supreme court justices by one and increase federal judges why: federalist hold on judicial branch |
judiciary act of 1801
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who: adams
what: appts fed. judges to new positions stayed till midnight on last day to finish |
midnight appointments
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french architect who designed DC w/ grand scale of broad ave. radiating from capitol building
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Pierre L'Enfant
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military academy
jefferson- 1802 |
West Point
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pirates from Morocco, Algiers, Tunis, Tripolii
what: demand protect. $$$ from ships in Mediterranean >>jefferson decides not to pay> builds up navy > 1805 agreement of $60,000 and ends tribute paying |
Barbary Pirates
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says that judicial branch has the power to nullify acts of congress
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Judicial Review
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1803 supreme court case
established judicial review when it declared judiciary acto of 1789 unconstitutional |
Marbury v Madison
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chief justice of US
gives fed govt unity judicial branch= coequal w/ exec & leg. |
John Marshall
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highly partisan Fed. supreme court judge.
congress tried to impeach him because congress said he obstructed other branches of govt through partisan speeches signif: impeached but aquitted by senate= impeachment CANT be used for political purposes |
Samuel Chase
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treaty between France and Spain
France gets Lousiana and New Orleans signif: Napolean hoped LA would be heart of French Empire in America |
Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1860
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black leader in Santo Domingo> est. a republic
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Toussaint L'Ouverture
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american minister to paris
secured ratification of Franco- American settlement of 1800> observed terms before ratified negotioated terms of LA purchase w/ Monroe |
Robert Livingston
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Monroe and Livingston
purchase LA territory april 30, 1803 $15 million |
Lousiana Purchase
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cross country to Paific Ocean, geather geological fatcs, investigate trade w/ indians
1804 |
Lewis and Clark
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shoshone women
guide lewis and clark across rocky mts. to pacific coast |
sacajewa
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led expedition to upper mississippi valley and colorado> failed to climb peak
claims its uninhabitable land |
Zebulon Pike
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extreme federalists in Mass.
want to form a northern confederacy feared new states joining US failed b/c/ hamilton didnt support |
Essex Junto
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system by Napoleon in 1806-1807
barred Brit ships and allies from landing at any Euro port controlled by France closed euro. continent to brit trade after brits beat french at battle of Trafalgar |
Continental System
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british blockade the Euro. coast
any goods shipped to napoleonic empire had to be on brit ships >> america caught inbetween the 2 decrees |
Orders in Council
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british navy forced soldiers into service
many deserted and joined americans> brit stop ships and brign them back into service |
impressment
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brit & america
1807 american commander James Barron refused to let Brits search ship= brit open fire> barron surrenders signif: public wants revenge. monroe gets brits to return 2 out of 4 men taken & compensation but britain doesnt renounce impressment |
Chesapeake- Leopard Incident
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jefferson
prohibits american ships from leaving US for a foreign port to protect nation from brink of war signif: law widely evaded. creates depression especially for NE merchants> 1808 madison wins presidency and ends |
Embargo Act 1807
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congress opened up trade with all nations except GB and France> expired a year later
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Non-Intercourse Act
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1810
opens free commerce with GB and France gives president the right to stop commerce in one country violates neutral shipping after the other stops. signif: napoleon stops intering with american ships to try to induce embargo against Brit. = britain stops blockade. not soon enough to stop a war |
Macon's Bill No. 2
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VA born indian veteran fighter
passed Harrison Land law to enable settlers to aquire famrs on easier terms |
William Henry Harrison
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indian leader- charismatic religious leader. known as the prophet
spoke of superior virtues of indian civilization and corruption of white world signif: inspired religious revial and unites tribes |
Tenskwata
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wabash river
sacred place for people of many tribes & prophet's headquarters |
prophetstown
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"shooting star" chief of shawnees
1809 tried to unite indians of Miss. Valley to stop white expansion signif: traveled miss river to persuade S tribes to join alliance > Battle of Tippecanoe |
Tecumseh
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Harrison & Tecumseh
nov. 7, 1811 harrison drove off indians and burned town signif: disillusioned many Tecumseh supporters= confederacy in disarray> some still want combat> 1812 active on frontier raiding settlements |
Battle of Tippecanoe
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who: representatives eager for war
when : 1810 what: ardent nationalists who want territorial expansion |
war hawk
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house of representatives- speaker of the house
1811 filled committees with those who want war |
Henry Clay
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appoited to Committee of Foreign Affairs by Clay
conquest of Canada signif: madison pressured into decflaring war on June 18, 1812 against Britain |
John Calhoun
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american leader- military
sept 10, 1813 dispersed Brit fleet at Put-In-Bay signif: made another invasion through Detroit possible |
Oliver Perry
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this battle:
oct 5 1813 Harrison won victory in upper canada for death of tecumseh signif: weakened NA and diminished claims to the region |
Battle of Thames
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TE planter and general of militia
pursued creeks indians |
Andrew Jackson
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this battle:
march 27, 1814 jackson took revenge on indians signif: tribe cedes land to US jackson> major general in US army> seized pensacola, FL nov 7, 1814 |
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
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this battle:
between brit veterans and amer. (jackson) jan 8 1815 brits advance up mississippi river- but attacked by jackson's men signif: brits retreat: 1700 brit dead, 1400 wounded, 500 prisoners amer= 8 killed 13 wounded treaty had been signed several weeks before= unknown |
Battle of New Orleans
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congressman of NH (federalist)
led federal opposition to republican war policy |
Daniel Webster
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delegates from Ne states
dec 15 1814 met to discuss grievencenses and reassert right of nullification; propse 7 new amendments to protect NE from south and west influence signif: falied b/c/ or resolution of war= end of federalist party |
Hartford Convention
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American and British diplomats meet on christmas eve 1814
agree to stop the fighting >> by 1815 impressment had ceased |
Treaty of Ghent
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commercial treaty giving america free trade with england (1815)
mutual disarmament of Great Lakes (1817) signif: longest unguarded frontier in world (1872) |
rush- Bagot Agreement
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