Ap Us American History Summer Hw

Front 1

Mercantilism

Back 1

Economic philosophy or practice in which England established the colonies to provide raw materials to the moth country; the colonies receive conference of WWII

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Tehran, Yalta, and Potsdam

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the three most important allied conference of WWII

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Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions

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issued by Jerffferson and Madison in response to President Adam's passage of the Alien & Sedition Acts, the ___ & ___ ___ advocated states rights to nullify laws the considered to be un-constitutional.

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Logrolling (Pork Barrel Politics)

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Mutual assistance in the passage of legislation so that one member of Congress votes for a colleague's bill in return for his/her support on their bill.

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Big Stick Policy

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nickname of Teddy roosevelt's bold foreign plicy (gun boat diplomacy) in Latin America

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Horace Mann-

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during the age of reform 1825-1859 he was an ouspoken reformer who focused on education.

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Greenback

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paper money issued during the civil war to help finance the war effor and stabilize the economy.

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Committee of Public Information

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The US Propaganda office in WWI

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doctrine of Separate Spheres

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19th Century belief that men were superior in worldy pursuits and women were superior in thier moral influences

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Alfred thayer Mahan

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Naval historian who influenced American Imperialism and a world wide naval arms race with his support of large capital ships (battleships) and large naviews to protect overseas colonial holdings & trade.

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SCLC

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Souther christian Leadership Conference was the Civil Right organization founded by M.L. King Jr. in 1956. Civil rights = Ensuring peoples' physical integrity and safety
Natural justice (procedural fairness) in law (such as the rights of the accused, including the right to a fair trial; due process; the right to seek redress or a legal remedy)
Protection from discrimination (based on gender, religion, race, sexual orientation, etc.)
Individual political freedom, including rights of individuals (freedom of thought and conscience, freedom of speech and expression, freedom of religion, freedom of the press, freedom of movement) and the right to participate in civil society and politics (freedom of association, right to assemble, right to petition, right to vote)

Front 12

Hartford Convention

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Meeting of New ENgland Federalist who were opposed to the war of 1812 and wanted to seek a separate peace with Britain even if it meant seceding from the Union.

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Doughboy

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U.S. soldier sent to fight in France during WWI

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War Hawks

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Henry Clay and John C Calhoun were __ __ for their support of the war of 1812 ( Now a common term used for pro-war sentiment)

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Satelites

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Soviet controlled Eastern European Nations during the Cold War 1945-1989

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Antietam

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Bloodiest single day of fighting during the Civil War resulted in a draw and prompted Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

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Emancipation Proclamation

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Issued by Lincoln, the __ ___ freed slaves only in the states under rebellion.

Front 18

The USS MAINE

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American battleship that blew up in Havana, Cuba, and ultimately started the Spanish-American War of 1898 "To hell with Spain! Remember the Maine!"

Front 19

Midnight Judges

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John Adams' appointment of Federalist party members to federal courts before Thomas Jefferson took office in 1800.

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Corrupt Bargain

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the alleged deal between John Quincy Adams and Henry Clay in the Election of 1824 that stole the election from Adrew Jackson.

Front 21

Iroquois Confederation

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The league of Indian trives in the Northeast that fought with the English in the French- Indian War and supported the Loyalist in the American Revolution.

Front 22

Iran-Contra Scandal

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the ___ ___ involved a secret arms-for-hostages-deal between the US. (Reagan Administration) and Iran to fund money for Contra Rebels (anti-communists) in Central America

Front 23

Rugged Individualism

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the principle of strong self reliance in Frederick Jackson Turner's Frontier thesis and use as a theme to the Harding election campaign of 1920.

Front 24

Pentagon Papers

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Daniel elsberg released top secret documents revealing US dealings in Southewast Asian and the Vietnam War that reinvigorated the warning anti-war movement.

Front 25

Old Nation Road- (Cumberland Road)

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first of the internal improvements provided by congress in 1806 to help the colization of the west. A toll bill linked to the road was vetoed by Monroe.

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2nd New Deal

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Legislative program focusing on REFORM begun by FDR in 1935 when the first attempt to end the Depression failed.

Front 27

Great Compromise

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Also knwon as the Connectitcut compromise, the __ __ established a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the lower house (House Rep) and equal representation in the upper house [2 senators each state].

Front 28

Fair Deal

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Truman's domestic program to head off a post war depression and address important social issues facing the nation

Front 29

Axis

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The alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan during WWII.

Front 30

Taft-Hartly Act 1947

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Republican sponsored anti-uion legislation that prohibibited "closed shops" and allowed states to pass "right to work" laws.

Front 31

Open Door Policty

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Sec. of State John Hay's plan in 1899 to give all countries equal trading rights with china and respect Chinese sovereignty. Derived from his "Open Door Notes"

Front 32

Wounded Knee

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The battle of __ __ was the last major battle between the Native-Americans and the US army in 1890. US army reacted to the ghost dance religion of the Sioux tribe.

Front 33

McGuffy Readers

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1836-1870 these were used by schools to expose children to a common curriculum that preached honesty, industry (hard work) and patriotism.

Front 34

Cotton Whigs and Conscience Whigs

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Southern Whigs who supported slavery and Northern Whigs who opposed slavery.

Front 35

Deism

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18th century concept which held that God created the world according to rational laws and that he was like a clockmaker who would not interfere in the natural order of things.

Front 36

Stalwart

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A supporter of the Republican Party during the Gilded Age who supported the Spols System, Protective Tariffs, and Hard Money; he opposed reform.

Front 37

King Cotton

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Term used to describe the dominance of the South's cash crop (cotton) on politics, agriculture, and society prior to the Civil War in the Ante-Bellum South.

Front 38

Speakeasies

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Illegal, yet popular, bars that sold liquor during Prohibition in the 1920's.

Front 39

Wilson-Gorman Tariff 1894

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Protective tariff that was passed to ease the Panic of 1893--It had an amendment on it that created a graduated income tax.

Front 40

Proclamation of 1763

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A line drawn by the British governemtn that forbade colonists from settling the western lands won after teh French and Indian War.

Front 41

Enola Gay

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the name of the airplane that dropped the first A bomb on Japan in WWII

Front 42

Forgettable Presidents

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Term applied to the US presidents between Grant and Roosevelt. (Hayes, cleveland, Garfield, Arthur, Harrison, McKinnley) Because business men dominated the National Scene.

Front 43

Social Darwinism

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19th century of belief that evolutionary ideas theorized by Charles Dawrwin could be applied to society.

Front 44

Dove

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anti-war sentiment

Front 45

Triangle Shirtwaist fire

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1911 death of 141-145 people (mostly young immigrant girls) burned to death or crushed to death by leaping out of windows, etc. Resulted in stronger building codes.

Front 46

Frederick Douglas

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escaped slave who became a leading figure in the anti slavery movement.

Front 47

Bay of Pigs

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unsuccessful attempt by Cuban refugees back by the US (Kennedy) to overthrow Fidel Castro in Cuba.

Front 48

Wade Davis bill

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Radical reconstruction plan with the far reaching punitive measures against the southern states and their eventual readmission into the nation.

Front 49

Teapot Dome Scandal

Back 49

The unlawful leasing of public oil fields to private business during the harding administration.

Front 50

Huey Long

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Gov. of Lousiana during the Great Depression. He criticized FDR for nto going far enough. His "share the wealth" program demanded all incomes over $1 million be confiscated.

Front 51

Andrew Johnson

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Vice President who succeeded Lincoln after the assassination and was the first president to be impeached.

Front 52

Onieda Community

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socio religious group of "perfectionists" Began in 1848 its members shared property, complex marriage, and raising of the children in communal form to reach a utopian society.

Front 53

Free soil Party 1847/48

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political movement that opposed the expansion of slavery into the western territories.

Front 54

Truman Doctrine

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the doctrine, enunciated by Haryy Truman in 1947 that the USA would provide economic aid to countries that said they were threatened by communist expansion.

Front 55

Dollar Diplomacy

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A type of economic imperialism in which the Taft administration's use of monetary power to create dependency among Latin American Countries to the US

Front 56

Sussex Pledge

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The Wilson Administration's demand on Germany to stop the use of unrestricted submarine warfare during WWI or risk war with the US.

Front 57

Townshend Acts

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named after the British political leader who wrongly believed that this external "Tax" or "duty" would be accepted by the colonies.

Front 58

Fugitive Slave Law

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The most controversial portion of the compromise of 1850. It allowed Southern slave holders to retrieve escaped slaves in the north.

Front 59

National Bank

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Alexander Hamilton's ___ was established to improve the national economy, but it alos created a constitutional crisis on interpretation of the US constitution.

Front 60

Shay's Rebellion

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debt-ridden farmers mounted a protest to foreclosures led by revolutionary war veterans; that demonstrated the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

Front 61

HUAC

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late 1940's early 1950's Red scare investigation called the House of un-american Activites Committee.

Front 62

Copperheads

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Northern democrats who opposed the civil war and were alos referred to as peace democrats.

Front 63

Sphere of Influence

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A term used by imperial powers in which they claimed to have special authority over parts of China and far East.

Front 64

Anaconda Plan

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the union (Northern) plan devised by General winfield Scott to blockade the south and restrict its trade to win the war.

Front 65

Black codes

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passed by southern "Johnson" governments to force Freedmen back on the plantations.

Front 66

Roosevelt Corollary (to the Monroe Doctrine)

Back 66

US promised to intervene in Latin AMerican affairs if its "police powers" needed to be used.

Front 67

Military Industrial Complex

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A phrase used by Eisenhower to refer to the relationship between the military and business in the US.

Front 68

GI Bill

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passed by congress during WWII the ____ ____ provided monies (money) for veterans to adjust to post war life.

Front 69

Compromise of 1877

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The _____ ____ _____ resolved the disputed election of 1876 between Sam Tilden and Rutherford B. Hayes.

Front 70

Stephen A Douglas (the little giant)

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Senator and presidential canidate from Illinois who authored the Kansas-Nebraska Act to benefit his political career.

Front 71

Pet Banks

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Andrew Jackson (Old Hickory) opposition to National Bank (Henry Clay) prompted him to remove Federal deposits and place them in Stat Banks or __ ___.

Front 72

Implied Powers

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Powers suggested but not specifically listed in the Constitution.

Front 73

Gospel of Wealth

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Belief that thsoe blessed with great wealth earned it through Darwinist competition were obligaed to improve society and mankind through philanthropy.

Front 74

Henry David Threau

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transcendentalist who wrote the essay "Civil Disobedience" which outlined his protest to the Mexican AMerican war. This essay later influenced non-violent protests by Ghandi and M.L. King JR.

Front 75

Scalawag

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A southern supporter of northern "Carpet Bag" governments during Reconstruction in the South.

Front 76

John Dewey

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Progressive educator who believed in Child Centered Learning or learning by doing to indoctrinate children to progressivism. Wrote the book Democracy in Education.

Front 77

Hooverizing

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Voluntary rationing of food stuffs during WWI named after Herbert Hoover the head of the Food Administration.

Front 78

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Back 78

Stephen Douglas' attempt to allow popular sovereignty to decide the slavery issue in the territories in exchange for the Trans-Continental Rail Road linking California and Illinois.

Front 79

New Immigrant

Back 79

Term applies to southern and eastern European immigrants that came to American cities in the 1890's.

Front 80

Nat Turner

Back 80

Slave who led a bloody revolt in 1831 and who believed he was divinely inspired to kill his master and other slave owners. 60 men women and children were killed by his band. Southern states wrote more restrictive slave laws limiting the movement of slaves.

Front 81

Island Hopping

Back 81

Chester Nimmitz' Us navy campaign in the Pacific during WWII.

Front 82

John Locke

Back 82

Enlightenment philosopher whose ideas influenced T. Jefferson's Declaration of Independence and Madison's work on the Bill of Rights; specifically his ideas on Life, Liberty, and Property.

Front 83

Fourteen Points

Back 83

In 1919 President Woodrow Wilson proposed this plan to the Allied Powers to avoid future wars in terms of seeking peace.

Front 84

Robert Fulton

Back 84

Creator the american steamboat who started the era of commerical steam navigation.

Front 85

Volstead Act

Back 85

The act that was passed to define what "Hard Liquor" was and set up the law enforcement apparatus to police prohibition.

Front 86

Stamp Act

Back 86

Prior to the American Revolution, The British instituted the __ __ which taxed all transactions involving paper without colonial consent. No other act outraged all 13 colonies than this one.

Front 87

Peculiar Institution

Back 87

The historical term used to identify slavery prior to the civil War.

Front 88

Isolationism

Back 88

The unofficial Us foreign policy adopted after WWI and lasted until Us was drawn into WWII.

Front 89

Tweed Ring

Back 89

During the Gilded Age it was the notorious Tammany Hall politicial machine led by "Boss" William Marcy Tweed. In two years it defrauded the City of $200,000,000 (1868-71.)

Front 90

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Back 90

Signed into law by President Wilson the ___ ___ ___ was considered to be the "Magna Carta of Labor". It outlawed restraining orders (Injunctions). Its primary purpose was to outlaw price discrimination and interlocking directorates.

Front 91

Samuel Slater

Back 91

Induced by American textile industries, he left England with the memorized knowledge on how to build a textile factory.

Front 92

Yellow Journalism

Back 92

Sensational newspaper reporting by William Randolf Hearst and Jay Pulitzer's news journals that helped instigate a war with Spain.

Front 93

Halfway Covenant

Back 93

Used by Puritan Churches to bolster attendance but also keep political leadership under the control respectable families. Conversion need but not "regenration" to be a member of the congregation.

Front 94

Wilmost Proviso (1846)

Back 94

This bill was presented during the Mexican-American War. It stipulated that none of the territory acquired should be opened to slavery.

Front 95

Scalawag

Back 95

A southern supporter of northern "Carpet Bag" governments during Reconstruction in the South.

Front 96

John Dewey

Back 96

Progressive educator who believed in Child Centered Learning or learning by doing to indoctrinate children to progressivism. Wrote the book Democracy in Education.

Front 97

Hooverizing

Back 97

Voluntary rationing of food stuffs during WWI named after Herbert Hoover the head of the Food Administration.

Front 98

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Back 98

Stephen Douglas' attempt to allow popular sovereignty to decide the slavery issue in the territories in exchange for the Trans-Continental Rail Road linking California and Illinois.

Front 99

New Immigrant

Back 99

Term applies to southern and eastern European immigrants that came to American cities in the 1890's.

Front 100

Nat Turner

Back 100

Slave who led a bloody revolt in 1831 and who believed he was divinely inspired to kill his master and other slave owners. 60 men women and children were killed by his band. Southern states wrote more restrictive slave laws limiting the movement of slaves.

Front 101

Island Hopping

Back 101

Chester Nimmitz' Us navy campaign in the Pacific during WWII.

Front 102

John Locke

Back 102

Enlightenment philosopher whose ideas influenced T. Jefferson's Declaration of Independence and Madison's work on the Bill of Rights; specifically his ideas on Life, Liberty, and Property.

Front 103

Fourteen Points

Back 103

In 1919 President Woodrow Wilson proposed this plan to the Allied Powers to avoid future wars in terms of seeking peace.

Front 104

Robert Fulton

Back 104

Creator the american steamboat who started the era of commerical steam navigation.

Front 105

Fireside Chats

Back 105

President F.D. roosevelt's weekly radio addresses to the nation during the Great Depression.

Front 106

Know Nothing Party

Back 106

Secretive Nativist political party that opposed Immigrationduring the 1840's and early 1850's. Officially called the American Party.

Front 107

De lome Letter

Back 107

Spanish Ambassador's letter that was illegally removed from the U.S. Mail and published by American newspapers. It criticized President McKinley in insulting terms. Used by war hawks as a pretext for war in 1898.

Front 108

Iranian Hostage Crisis

Back 108

This occurred when an Islamic fundamentalist revolution broke out in the late 1970's in Iran, and the U.S. embassy was captured in Tehran. IT helped destroy the chances for Carter's reelection.

Front 109

Domino Theory

Back 109

The cold War belief that if one nation comes under communist control its neighboring nations would also fall into communism.

Front 110

Underground Railroad

Back 110

A network of safe houses that were used to aid the escape of Southern Slaves into the North.

Front 111

Pinckney's Treaty

Back 111

1795 Treaty with Spain fearful of Jay Treaty with GB might threaten Spanish holdings in the West. Spain permitted US navigation rights on the Mississippi and conceded US right to lands east of the Mississippi.

Front 112

Bleeding Kansas

Back 112

Conflict over the expansion of slavery into the Kansas Territory during its transition to statehood. Free-staters battled slavery supporters with violence.

Front 113

Marcus Garvey

Back 113

Founder on UNIA (Universal Negro Improvement Association) and the Motherland Africa movement in the 1920's. He was jailed for fraud.

Front 114

Reconstruction

Back 114

The period following the Civil War in which the devastated Southern States were slowly restored economically, politically and socially.

Front 115

Vietnamization

Back 115

Part of the Nixon doctrine and begun the Johnson Administration. It was the policy of turning the war in Vietnam to the ARVN (army of the Republic of [South] Vietnam).

Front 116

Sputnik

Back 116

First artificial satellite launched into space by the USSR in 1957. Began the space race between the US and Russia plus a great deal of hysteria and fear of nuclear war.

Front 117

War industries Board

Back 117

The W I B was headed by Bernard Baruch. It used the power of the Federal Gov't to fix prices, determining production and develop new industry.

Front 118

Olive Branch Petition

Back 118

The 2nd Continental Congress sent this to King George III in hopes of reconciliation.

Front 119

Republican Motherhood

Back 119

After the election of 1800 Jeffersonians promoted this as the ideal for women to raise their children with the idealism of the American nation.

Front 120

Sherman Silver Purchase Act 1890

Back 120

Passed to appease pro-silver interests in the Midwest (Farmers), the act created inflation and lowered Gold Reserves thus causing the panic of 1893.

Front 121

Jim Crow Laws

Back 121

Laws enforcing segregation or control of Blacks in such a manner as to make them unequal after reconstruction.

Front 122

Plessy vs Ferguson 1896

Back 122

Supreme court Case that upheld Jim Crow segregation laws as legal so as they were "equal".

Front 123

Pinkerton

Back 123

"Detective" agency or private police hired by the Federal Governement to guard the President prior to 1865 and used by business owners to intimidate Unions with strong arm tactics.

Front 124

Nullification Crisis

Back 124

1832-33 was over the tariff plicy of the Federal government, during Jackson's presidency which prompted South Carolina to threaten the use of NULLIFICATION,possible secession and Andrew Jackson's determination to end with military force.

Front 125

Watergate

Back 125

the breaking by Nixon staff members into the DNC Head quarters housed in the hotel. It resulted in cover-ups, obstruction and the eventual resignation of Nixon.

Front 126

Manhattan Project

Back 126

The most expensive and important US research project during WWII, it developed the A-bomb.

Front 127

Marbury vs Madison

Back 127

Landmark supreme court case that established the principle of judicial review.

Front 128

Knights of Labor

Back 128

early american labor union that failed to achieve economic and social acceptance because its members weere unskilled, expendable, and "un-American". the union was prone to violence, linked to communism, and anarchism.

Front 129

Panics of 1819, 1837, 1857, 1873, 1883, 1893

Back 129

Economic Depression brought about by over speculation in land or rail roads on a cycle of 20 to 10 years.

Front 130

Credibility Gap

Back 130

The ___ ___ was part of the complexity of the vietnam war when General Westmoreland's assessment of the war turned out to be wrong. The media believed he was deliberately misleading them.