A&p Unit 2/3

Front 1

describe negative pressure breathing

Back 1

movement of air into the lungs as a result of intra-pulmonic pressure being less than atmospheric press

Front 2

value for intra-alveolar pressure on beginning of inspiration

Back 2

-1cm water, or 1025cm water

Front 3

3 types of negative pressure breathing

Back 3

-normal breathing
-iron lung
-cuirass/breastplate/chest respirator

Front 4

describe positive pressure breathing

Back 4

movement of air into lungs as a result of increasing ambient pressure above the intra-pulmonic pressure

Front 5

examples of positive pressure breathing

Back 5

-positive pressure MV
-mouth to mouth
-scuba diving

Front 6

boyle's law

Back 6

pressure and volume are inversely proportional, with temp being constant
increase one, decrease the other
VxP=k

Front 7

Charle's law

Back 7

pressure constant, volume and temp are directly related

Front 8

Gay Lussac's law

Back 8

volume constant, temp and pressure are directly related

Front 9

inspiration and expiration is d/t a pressure gradient resulting from what?

Back 9

changes in lung volume

Front 10

movement of air out of lungs d/t increased intra-pulmonic pressure secondary to decreased lung volume

Back 10

expiration

Front 11

For expiration, what happens first?

Back 11

decreased volume, which leads to increased intrapulmonic pressure

Front 12

passive expiration requires what?

Back 12

no muscular activity to be achieved

Front 13

when do you see passive expiration

Back 13

rest, mild/moderate physical activity

Front 14

factor responsible for decreasing lung volume which ultimately leads to expiration is ?

Back 14

inward recoil of lungs

Front 15

2 contributing factors to lung recoil

Back 15

-recoil of stretched elastic tissue
-recoil d/t surface tension phenomenon

Front 16

most important contributing factor to lung recoil

Back 16

surface tension phenomenon

Front 17

explain recoil d/t surface tension phenomenon

Back 17

during passive exhalation, mm's of inspiration relax gradually, makes it a smooth process
-expiration is twice as long as inspiration

Front 18

the term alveolar elastic recoil includes what?

Back 18

both recoil of stretched elastic tissue and recoil d/t surface tension phenomenon

Front 19

active expiration requires what?

Back 19

muscular activity

Front 20

active expiration is utilized when?

Back 20

heavy physical activity, COPD, coughing , valsava, singing

Front 21

overall fxn of mm's of expiration

Back 21

decrease volume of thorax that decreases lung volume and causes increased IPP

Front 22

3 specific fxn of mm's of expiration

Back 22

-accelerate exhalation process
-increase RR
-help increase volume of air exhaled

Front 23

2 types of mm's of expiration

Back 23

abdominal mm's (most important)
internal intercostals

Front 24

list abdominal mm's

Back 24

external oblique
internal oblique
transverse abdominis
rectus abdominis

Front 25

origin/insertion of rectus abdominis

Back 25

origin:symphysis pubis
insertion: lower ribs

Front 26

functions of contraction of abdominal mm's

Back 26

-pulls down thorax (lower rib cage) which decreases transverse and AP dimension
-increases intra-abdominal pressure, pushing up on undersurface of diaphragm which decreases vertical dimension

Front 27

what can immoblize/anchor/fix the lower thorax?

Back 27

abdominal mm's, making lower portion of thorax less moveable than upper portion

Front 28

contraction of internal intercostal mm's causes?

Back 28

pulling down on rib above which decrease transverse and AP dimensions of thorax, and lungs
-also gives rigidity to the soft tissue in the ICS's

Front 29

how can you determine the strength of the expiratory mm's?

Back 29

valsava maneuver