Ap Test 2 Chapter 5

Front 1

Functions of the Integumentary System

Back 1

Protection

Body Temp Regulation

Cutaneous Sensation

Metabolic Functions

Blood Reservoir

Excretion

Front 2

Describe how the Integumentary Sysem Protects

Back 2

Chemical Barriers - skin secretions and melanin

Physical Barriers - structure of the stratum corneum

Biological Barriers - dendritic cells of the epidermis, macrophages in the dermis, DNA itself

Front 3

Describe how the I. System regulates body temp.

Back 3

nervous system dilates sweat glands when body is hot

blood vessels constrict in cold weather and slows passive heat loss

Front 4

Cutaneous Sensory receptors

Back 4

respond to stimuli arising outside of the body; found within the skin (i.e. when you bump into something you are alerted)

Front 5

Describe metabolic functions

Back 5

makes chemical conversions such as turning sunlight into vitamin D

Front 6

How does the I. System act as a blood reservoir?

Back 6

dermal blood vessels can constrict and supply other areas of the body with blood from the dermal supply

Front 7

How does the I. System act to excrete?

Back 7

sweat excretes ammonia, urea, nitric acid

Front 8

What is the epidermis composed of?

Back 8

Closely packed epithelial cells

Front 9

Cells of the epidermis

Back 9

Ketatinocytes: produce keratin to give it protective properties

Melanocytes: (melanin for UV ray protection)

Dendritic cells: ingest foreign substances

Tactile cells: sensory receptors for touch

Front 10

Layers of epidermis

Back 10

Stratum Basale

Stratum Spinosum

Stratum Granulosum

Stratum Lucidum

Stratum Corneum

Front 11

Thin Skin vs Thick Skin

Back 11

thick - covers areas subject to abrasion (palms, soles)

thin skin - no stratum lucidem and other thinner strata

Front 12

Stratum Basale

Back 12

deepest layer; single row of stem cells that continually renew the cell population

Front 13

Stratum spinosum

Back 13

several cell layers thick of keratinocytes unified by desmosomes; cells contain thick bundles of intermediate filaments made of pre-keratin

Front 14

Stratum granulosum

Back 14

5 layers of flattened cells, organelles deteriorating, cytoplasm full of lamellar granules and keratohyaline granules

Front 15

Stratum cornem

Back 15

Most supeficial layer, 20-30 layers of dead cells, especially flat membranous sacs filled with keratin

Front 16

Stratum lucidem

Back 16

visible only in thick skink thin translucent band; 2 or 3 rows of flat and dead keratinocyte

Front 17

Dermis

Back 17

2nd layer; strong and flexible connective tissue; rich supply of nerve fibers, blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

Front 18

layers of the dermis

Back 18

Papillary

Reticular

Front 19

Papillary layer

Back 19

areolar CT in which fine interlacing collagen and elastic fibers form a loosely woven mat that has many small blood vessels; has many defense cells; dermal papillae

Front 20

Reticular layer

Back 20

deeper of the 2; 80% of the thickness of the dermis; dense fibrous CT; cleavage lines in the skin for incisions during surgery

Front 21

Hypodermis

Back 21

Below the dermis; composed mainly of loose Ct and fatty cells; insulted, gives us curves, and offers protection

Front 22

Skin appendages

Back 22

hair and hair follicles

nails

sweat glands

sebaceous gland

Front 23

Hair

Back 23

"pili" flexible strands prodded by hair follicles and consist largely of dead, keritanized cells; shaft (keritization complete) and root (keritinization still going)

Front 24

Hair follicle description and parts

Back 24

Originate in the epidermis into the dermis;

hair follicle receptor - nerve endings

Bulb

hair follicle receptor- wraps around each hair (touch receptors)

arrector pilli - goose bumps

Front 25

Nail

Back 25

scalelike modification of the epidermis that forms a clear protective covering on the surface of finger or toe; scratch and pick things up

Front 26

Outer Parts of a nail

Back 26

free edge

nail fold

lunula

eponychium

Front 27

3 layers of keratinized hair cells

Back 27

medulla, cortex, cuticle (keeps it from matting)

Front 28

hair papilla

Back 28

signal hair to grow

Front 29

inner parts of the nail

Back 29

hyponychium

epidermis

dermis

phalanx

Front 30

Sweat glands - types

Back 30

eccrine and apocrine

Front 31

eccrine sweat glands

Back 31

(merocine) coiled glands in the dermis that release sweat that is mostly water; palms, soles, forehead

Front 32

apocrine sweat glands

Back 32

contains fatty substances and proteins and is sometimes milky yellowish color

-ceruminous glands (ear)

-mammary glands

Front 33

sebaceous glands

Back 33

oil glands; found all over the body except palms and soles; secrete sebum from a bursting of cells overcome with lipids

Front 34

function of hair

Back 34

alert us of the prescence of bugs; protect the head against physical trauma and heat loss, sunlight

Front 35

function of sebaceous gland

Back 35

prevent hair from becoming brittle, slows water loss from the skin, softens and lubricates hair and skin

Front 36

how is skin color determined?

Back 36

the amount of melanin produced by melanocytes in the stratum basale (more - darker)

Front 37

3 major forms of skin cancer

Back 37

basal cell carcinoma

squamous cell carcinoma

melanoma

Front 38

basal cell carcinoma

Back 38

most common; least malignant; spots that appear on sun-exposed areas of the face can be removed

Front 39

squamous cell carcinoma

Back 39

2nd most common; most often on the head and can be removed

Front 40

melanoma and the rule for recognizing

Back 40

ABDC

asymmetry

border irregularity

color (multi)

diameter (large)

Front 41

acne

Back 41

overproduction of sebaceous glands; formation of blackheads and inflammation of the skin

Front 42

What is a burn

Back 42

tissue damaged inflicted by intense heat, radiation, etc. that denaturate cell production and kill cells in the affected area

Front 43

risks associated with burned skin

Back 43

loss of body fluids containing proteins and electrolytes

Front 44

calculating the size of a burn

Back 44

specific body parts are given percentages so as to determine the treatment scale

Front 45

first degree burn

Back 45

only the epidermis is damaged; redness, swelling and pain, quick healing in days

Front 46

second degree burns

Back 46

epidermis and upper dermis damaged; blisters appear

Front 47

third degree burns

Back 47

entire thickness of skin; destroyed nerve endings

Front 48

critical burns

Back 48

over 25% of the body has 2nd degree burns

over 10% of the body has 3rd degree burns

3rd degree burns on face, hands, or feet