A&p Test 2

Front 1

Growth Hormone (GH)

Back 1

Stimulates the growth of bone, cartilage, and skeletal muscle; stimulates the synthesis of glucose during periods of fasting

Front 2

Prolactin

Back 2

Stimulates the breast to develop and produce milk

Front 3

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

Back 3

Stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones t3 and t4

Front 4

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Back 4

Stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete steroids, especially cortisol

Front 5

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Back 5

Stimulates the development of ova and sperm

Front 6

Lutenizing hormone (LH)

Back 6

Causes ovulation in women; stimulates secretion of progesterone in women and testosterone in men

Front 7

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Back 7

Stimulates water reabsorbtion by the kidneys; also constricts blood vessels

Front 8

Oxytocin

Back 8

Contracts uterine muscle during labor; releases milk from the mammary glands (during breast-feeding)

Front 9

Thyroid hormones T3 and T4

Back 9

Secreted by the thyroid gland; control metabolic rate and regulate growth and development

Front 10

Calcitonin

Back 10

Secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases plasma levels of calcium

Front 11

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Back 11

Secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases plasma calcium

Front 12

Catecholamines, Epinephrine, Norepinephrine

Back 12

Stimulates "fight-or-flight" response

Front 13

Cortisol

Back 13

Glucocorticoid that helps regulate glucose, fat, and protein metabolism; is part of the stress respone

Front 14

Aldosterone

Back 14

Mineralocorticoid that causes the kidneys to reabsorb sodium and water and excrete potassium; helps regulate fluid and electrolyte balance

Front 15

Sex hormones

Back 15

The androgens (especially testosterone) help develop the secondary sex characteristics in the female and male

Front 16

Insulin

Back 16

Helps regulate the metabolism of carbs, proteins, fat; lowers blood sugar

Front 17

Glucagon

Back 17

Raises blood sugar

Front 18

Estrogen and progesterone

Back 18

Secreted by ovaries; stimulate the development of the ova (eggs) and development of secondary sex characteristics in the female

Front 19

Testosterone

Back 19

Secreted by the testes; chief male androgen; stimulates development of sperm and secondary sex characteristics in the male

Front 20

Thymosins

Back 20

Stimulates maturation of the T lymphocytes

Front 21

Melatonin

Back 21

Secreted by the pineal gland; helps set the biorhythms

Front 22

Classification of hormones

Back 22

Proteins or steroids

Front 23

Adenohypophysis

Back 23

Anterior pituitary gland that is located under the hypothalamus

Front 24

Neurohypophysis

Back 24

Posterior pituitary gland; it is a downward extension of the hypothalamus

Front 25

Neuroglia

Back 25

Nerve glue; mostly located in the CNS. Support, protect, insulate, nourish, and generally care for the delicate neurons.

Front 26

Neuron

Back 26

Most important in the transmission of electrical signals. Enables the nervous system to act as a vast communication network.

Front 27

Myelin sheath

Back 27

Protects and insulates the the axon; nerve fibers covered by the myelin are said to be myelinated

Front 28

Sensory neuron

Back 28

(Also called affrent neurons) Carries information from the periphery toward the CNS.

Front 29

Motor neuron

Back 29

(Also called efferent neurons) carries information from the CNS toward the periphery

Front 30

Interneuron

Back 30

Found only in the CNS; Form connections between sensory and motor neurons. Play a role in thinking, learning, and memory.

Front 31

White matter

Back 31

Tissue of the CNS that is white because of the myelinated axons

Front 32

Gray matter

Back 32

Tissue of the CNS that is made up of unmyelinated axons, cell bodies, interneurons, and synapses

Front 33

Depolarization

Back 33

When the inside of the cell changes from - to +

Front 34

Repolarizes

Back 34

When the cell again becomes - and returns to its resting state

Front 35

Corpus callosum

Back 35

Allows the right and left side of the brain to communicate

Front 36

Frontal lobe

Back 36

Motor area, personality, behavior, emotional expression, intellectual functions, memory storage

Front 37

Parietal lobe

Back 37

Somatosensory area (especially from skin and muscle; taste; speech; reading)

Front 38

Occipital lobe

Back 38

Vision, vision-related reflexes and functions (reading, judging distances, seeing in 3 dimension)

Front 39

Temporal lobe

Back 39

Hearing, smell, taste, memory storage, part of speech area

Front 40

Thalamus

Back 40

Relay structure and processing center for most sensory information going to the cerebrum

Front 41

Hypothalamus

Back 41

Integrating system for the autonomic nervous system; regulation of temp, water balance, sex, thirst, appetite, some emotions; regulates pituitary gland and controls endocrine function

Front 42

Midbrain

Back 42

Visual and auditory reflexes

Front 43

Pons

Back 43

Plays a role in respiration

Front 44

Medulla oblongata

Back 44

Vital function (regulating heart rate, blood flow, blood pressure, respiratory centers) reflex center for coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting

Front 45

Cerebellum

Back 45

Smoothes out and coordinates voluntary muscle activity; helps maintenance of balance and muscle tone

Front 46

Shaft of long bone

Back 46

Diaphysis

Front 47

Diaphysis

Back 47

Yellow bone marrow(adipose (FAT) tissue) inside

Front 48

End of long bone

Back 48

Ephysis - red bone marrow inside

Front 49

Pelvic girdle

Back 49

Ischium, illium, pubis

Front 50

Pectoral girdle

Back 50

Scapula, clavicle

Front 51

4 paranasal sinuses

Back 51

Maxillary, ethmoidal, frontal, sphenoidal

Front 52

Pleural cavity

Back 52

Serous fluid

Front 53

Knee joint

Back 53

Synovial fluid

Front 54

Acetalcholine

Back 54

Causes muscle contraction

Front 55

Muscle contraction proteins

Back 55

Actin, myosin, triponin, tripomyosin

Front 56

Bicep

Back 56

Flexes Forearm

Front 57

Tricep

Back 57

Extends forearm

Front 58

Chewing muscles

Back 58

Temporalis, and masseter

Front 59

Diaphram

Back 59

Breathing

Front 60

Zygomatic muscle

Back 60

Smile, cheek muscle

Front 61

Oris

Back 61

Mouth

Front 62

Oculi

Back 62

Eye

Front 63

Steroid hormones

Back 63

Cortisol, aldosterone, sex hormones

Front 64

Protein hormones

Back 64

If they end in IN

Front 65

Epiphysis

Back 65

End part of the long bone

Front 66

The Pectoral girdle contains the

Back 66

Clavicle and scapula

Front 67

Number of lumbar vertebrae in the vertebral column

Back 67

5

Front 68

Skeletal muscle contraction

Back 68

Is voluntary

Front 69

Triceps brachi

Back 69

Extends forearm

Front 70

What disease does iodine deficiency cause?

Back 70

Hypothyroidism

Front 71

What hormone raises blood calcium levels?

Back 71

PTH (Parathyroid hormone)

Front 72

What hormone increases blood glucose levels?

Back 72

Cortisol

Front 73

Resting membrane has sodium

Back 73

Outside of the cell and potassium inside of the cell

Front 74

The mylein sheath makes nerve impulses

Back 74

Faster

Front 75

What type of nerve fibers carry impulses to the brain

Back 75

Afferent (sensory) nerve fibers

Front 76

Medulla oblongata is part of

Back 76

The brain stem

Front 77

Which part of the brain causes voluntary movements to draw a picture

Back 77

The frontal lobe

Front 78

Which area the spinal cord in a spinal cord injury will impair the function of the diaphragm

Back 78

C1-C4

Front 79

What types of adrenergic receptors are found on cardiac muscle cells?

Back 79

Beta 1

Front 80

What sense do chemo receptors respond to?

Back 80

Smell

Front 81

What disease is caused by too much aqueous humor that causes increased intraocular pressure?

Back 81

Glaucoma

Front 82

Where is the tympanic membrane (The ear drum) located?

Back 82

Between the external and middle ear

Front 83

Where is the macula located?

Back 83

Retina

Front 84

Which neurotransmitter causes constriction of the pupil (myosis)?

Back 84

Acetyocholine

Front 85

Which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

Back 85

GH, TSH, ACTH

Front 86

Which muscles are located on the thigh?

Back 86

Vastus lateralis and rectus femoris