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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The study of the structures found inside and outside living things
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Anatomy
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The structures of features large enough to see without magnification
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gross anatomy
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the study of the structures of individual cells
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cytology
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the study of the structures of individual tissues
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histology
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three different kinds of anatomical studies
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gross anatomy, cytology, histology
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the science of how the structures of living things function
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physiology
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anatomy is the ___; physiology is the ____
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what; how
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study of how diseases affect normal physiology
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pathological physiology
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study of diseases
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pathology
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what is the unifying theme of anatomy and physiology
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maintaining homeostasis
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a stable state that is actively monitored and constantly maintained
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homeostasis
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similar or same
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homeo
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standing still
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stasis
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conditions under which all parts function optimally
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temperature levels, acidity levels, nutrient levels, O2/CO2 levels
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Maintaing homeostasis in an organism does not mean ____
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everything is kept at the same levels everywhere in the organism
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Three components needed to maintain homeostasis
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A receptor, A control or integration center, an effector
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Monitors conditions under homeostasis and detects changes from the optimal or desired setting
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receptor
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receives signals/information from receptor and responds to any detected changes by sending out commands
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A control or integration center
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receives commands from control/integration center and carries out actions in response to changes detected by the receptor
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an effector
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the most common way to maintain homeostasis and keeps conditions constant is through ___
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negative feedback
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when a change in one direction causes a system to alter itself so that it changes in the opposite direction enough to undue the original change
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negative feedback
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unchanging conditions are always _____ around a preferred value due to this work
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fluctuating slightly
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Body temperature set point ____
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changes in different conditions
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Occasionally ____ are used to restore system to homeostasis
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positive feedback levels
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when a change in one direction causes a system to make another change in the same direction, which causes yet another change in the same direction, continually amplifying the original change
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positive feedback
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positive feed back by itself ____ bring about homeostasis
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cannot; it makes changes worse
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situations where positive feedback is used to maintain homeostasis
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blood clotting, lactation, uterine contractions during childbirth
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every living thing can be ____
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broken down into smaller and smaller parts
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every living thing is constructed from ____
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larger and larger groupings of components
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Levels of living things
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-Atoms are used to construct molecules
-molecules are used to control cells -cells are grouped together into tissues -tissues are organized into an organ -organs are associated into an organ system -a collection of organ systems leads to the organism |
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How many organ systems are there in humans
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11
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Names organ systems
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1.) Integumentary system
2.) The Skeletal System 3.) The cardiovascular system 4.) The muscular system 5.) the nervous system 6.) the endocrine system 7.) the lymphoid system 8.) the respiratory system 9.) the digestive system 10.) the urinary system 11.) the male reproductive system 12.) the female reproductive system |
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Major organs and functions of the integumentary system
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skin, hair, sweat glands, and nails; protects against environmental hazards, helps regulate body temperature, provides sensory information
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Major organs and functions of the skeletal system
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bones, cartilages, associated ligaments, and bone marrow; provides support and protection for other tissues, stores calcium and other minerals, forms blood cells
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major organs and functions of the muscular system
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skeletal muscles and associated tendons; provides movement, provides protection and support for other tissues, generates heat that maintains body temperature
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in the organisms, organ systems, aren't ____
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independent or isolated from another
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most human vital organs are housed ____
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in body cavities
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hollow, enclosed spaces within in the body in which organs are packed
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body cavity
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what do body cavities do
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allow the organs space to move, provide empty space between the outside and insides of the body, cushioning the insides from bumps and blows to the outside, provide a slick surface for organs to slide against
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two main body cavities
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dorsal body cavity and ventral body cavity
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two cavities of the dorsal body cavity
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cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
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space inside the skull, housing the brain
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cranial cavity
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space inside the hollow of the backbone in which spinal cord are located
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vertebral cavity
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two cavities of the ventral body cavity
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thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic cavity
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the ventral body cavities are surrounded by ___
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fleshy tissues
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the dorsal body cavities are surrounded by ____
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bone
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the ventral body cavity is first subdivided by a sheet of ____
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muscle- the diaphragm
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the space inside the ventral side of the body above the diaphragm
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Thoracic body cavity
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the thoracic cavity is subdivided into ____
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sheets of tissue known as serous membranes
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a thin layer of tissues coated with a watery overlay that surrounds organs
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serous membrane
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the serous membrane sac that surrounds each lung
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pleura
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the serous membrane sac that surrounds the heart
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pericardium
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The organs ___ sitting in the serous cavities
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are not
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