A&p Terms For Chapter 6

Front 1

Functions of the Skeleton

Back 1

1)Provides framework that supports body
2)Protects internal organs
3)Contains & protects red bone marrow
4)Provides storage site for excess calcium

Front 2

Bone Cells are called

Back 2

Osteocytes

Front 3

Type of bone w/ extreme hard exterior. Made of osteons or haversian canals

Back 3

Compact Bone

Front 4

Type of bone with visible holes or cavities (often containing red bone marrow)

Back 4

Spongy Bone

Front 5

The bones of the arms, legs, hands and feet

Back 5

Long Bones

Front 6

The shaft of the long bone

Back 6

Diaphysis

Front 7

The ends of the long bone

Back 7

Epiphyses

Front 8

Contains the yellow bone marrow (mostly adipose tissue)

Back 8

Marrow Canal

Front 9

The bones of the wrists and ankles

Back 9

Short Bones

Front 10

The bones of the ribs, shoulder blades, hip bones and cranial bones

Back 10

Flat Bones

Front 11

The bones of the vertebrae and facial bones

Back 11

Irregular Bones

Front 12

The joint surfaces of bone are covered with?

Back 12

Articular Cartilage

Front 13

The fibrous connective tissue membrane covering the rest of the bone

Back 13

Periosteum

Front 14

Cells which produce bone matrix

Back 14

Osteoblasts

Front 15

Cells which destroy bone

Back 15

Osteoclast

Front 16

Fibrous connective tissue remains between the bones of the skull

Back 16

Fontanels

Front 17

Factors that affect bone growth & Maintenance

Back 17

1) Heredity
2) Nutrition
3) Hormones
4) Exercise or "Stress"

Front 18

Process which dissolves & reabsorbs the minerals of bone matrix

Back 18

Resorption

Front 19

Characterized by excessive loss of calcium from bones without suffcient replacement

Back 19

Osteoporosis

Front 20

A diet high in _____ and ____ is essential for both men and women, as is moderate exercise?

Back 20

Calcium and Vitamin D

Front 21

Growth Hormone (Location and Function)

Back 21

Anterior Pituitary Gland
1) Increases the rate of mitosis of chondrocytes & osteoblasts
2) Increases the rate of protein synthesis (collagen, cartilage matrix & enzymes for cartilage & bone formation)
2)

Front 22

Thyroxine (Location and Function)

Back 22

Thyroid Gland
1) Increases the rate of protein synthesis
2) Increases energy production from all food types

Front 23

Insulin (Location and Function)

Back 23

Pancreas
1) Increases energy production from glucose

Front 24

Parathyroid Hormone (Location and Function)

Back 24

Parathyroid Glands
1) Increases the reabsorption of calcium from bones to the blood (reaises blood calcium level)
2) Increases the absorption of calcium by the small intestine & kidneys (to the blood)

Front 25

Calcitonin (Location and function)

Back 25

Thyroid Gland
1) Decreases the reabsorption of calcium from bones (lowers blood calcium level)

Front 26

Estrogen & Testosterone (Location and function)

Back 26

Ovaries and Testes
1) Promotes closure of the epiphyses of long bones (growth stops)
2) Helps retain calcium in bones to maintain a strong bone matrix

Front 27

Spinal Column or backbone

Back 27

Vertebral Column

Front 28

Names of the vertebrae (from top to bottom)

Back 28

1) Cervical
2) Thoracic
3) Lumbar
4) Sacrum
5) Coccyx