Ap Statistics Glossary

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alpha

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symbol used to represent the probability of a Type 1 error. Also called the significance level of the hypothesis test. Denoted by the Greek letter alpha.

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alternative hypothesis

Back 2

statement that is equivalent to the negation of the null hypothesis, denoted by Hsuba

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beta

Back 3

sybol used to represent the probability of a Type 2 Error. Denoted by the Greek letter beta

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biased sample

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a smaple for which some type of systematic error has been made in the selection of subjects for the sample

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binomial experiment

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a probability experiment in which each trialhas only two outcomes, there is a fixed number of trials, the outcomes of the trials are independent, and the probability of success remains the same for each trial.

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bivariate data

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data arranged in pairs

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blinding

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procedure used in experiments whereby the subject doesn't know whether he or she is receiving a treatment or a placebo

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boxplot

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a graphical representation of the five number summary

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categorical data

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data that can be separated into different categories that are distinguished by some nonnumeric characteristic

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census

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collection of data from every element in the population

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central limit theorem

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a theorem that states that as the sample size increases, the shape of the distribution of the sample means taken from the population with mean (come back and edit later)

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cluster sampling

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a sample obtained by dividing the population area into sections (or clusters), then randomly selecting a few of those sections and then choosing ALL of the members of those selected sections

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coefficient of the determinant

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a measure of the variation of the dependent variation that is explained by the regression line and the indpendent variable; the ratio of explained variation to total variation

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complement of an event

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all outcomes in which the event does not occur
P(~A)=1-P(A)

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completely randomized design

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procedure in an experiment whereby each element is given teh same chance of belonging to the different categories or treatments