Ap Psychology Vocabulary Review (#1-26)

Front 1

Aaron Beck’s view of depression

Back 1

The more negative thoughts you experience, the more depressed you will become.

Front 2

Absolute threshold

Back 2

the smallest intensity of a stimulus that has to be present for the stimulus to be detected

Front 3

Achievement vs. aptitude tests

Back 3

1. An achievement test is a standardized test that is designed to measure an individual's level of knowledge in a particular area. An achievement test focuses specifically on how much a person knows about a specific topic
2. An aptitude test is a test designed to predict learning capacity for a particular area or particular skills

Front 4

Action vs. resting potential

Back 4

1. Action potential is the potential produced when appropriate stimulation is high enough to reach the neural threshold and causes the neuron to fire.
2. Resting potential is the potential maintained by the inactive neuron.

Front 5

Acuity

Back 5

The sharpness of vision

Front 6

Ainsworth strange situation (Paradigm)

Back 6

A thirty-minute procedure that consists of a series of separations and reunions among a caregiver, a child, and a stranger.

Front 7

Albert Bandura: major view on learning and Bobo Doll experiment

Back 7

1. Believed that aggression is learned through a process called behavior modeling. He believed that individuals do not actually inherit violent tendencies, but they modeled them after observations.
2. Studied patterns of behavior associated with aggression; violence towards large inflated Bobo doll

Front 8

Albert Ellis – Rational Emotive Therapy (RET)

Back 8

Belief that your feelings don't control your thoughts -- your thoughts control your feelings. Negative emotions are not inevitable, but come about as the result of patterns of thinking we've laid down over the years. If we can learn to rethink the situations, we can learn to control negative emotions.

Front 9

Alfred Adler – inferiority complex

Back 9

If a neuron responds at all, then it must respond completely. The greater the intensity of stimulation does not produce a stronger signal but can produce more impulses per second.

Front 10

Altruism

Back 10

1. helping behavior (without expectation of extrinsic rewards and sometimes involving personal risk or sacrifice) that benefits individuals or society
2. bystander effect : less likely to help when others are present

Front 11

American Psychological Association (APA)

Back 11

a scientific and professional organization that represents psychologists in the United States.

Front 12

Amnesia (anteriograde & retrograde)

Back 12

loss of memory occurring most often as a result of damage to the brain from trauma, stroke, Alzheimer disease, alcohol and drug toxicity, or infection. Amnesia may be anterograde, in which events following the causative trauma or disease are forgotten, or retrograde, in which events preceding the causative event are forgotten.

Front 13

Arousal

Back 13

State of alertness; As a Your browser may not support display of this image.general rule, level of arousal increases throughout the day and can be modified by a number of different stimuli. Sensory input (particularly noise) increases arousal, as do incentives (see INCENTIVE), unsatisfied biological drives (such as HUNGER, THIRST and SEXUAL BEHAVIOUR), and stimulants (such as AMPHETAMINE, CAFFEINE and NICOTINE)

Front 14

Asch’s conformity study (line segments)

Back 14

Although people could pick the correct line 99% of the time when making the judgments by themselves, they went along with the erroneous group judgment 75% of the time, even when it was plainly wrong.

Front 15

Attachment

Back 15

the bond that develops between child and caretaker and the consequences this has for the child's emerging self-concept and developing view of the socialworld

Front 16

Attribution theory

Back 16

the ways in which people explain (or attribute) the behavior of others or themselves (self-attribution) with something else. It explores how individuals "attribute" causes to events and how this cognitive perception affects their usefulness in an organization.

Front 17

Aversive conditioning

Back 17

the client is exposed to an unpleasant stimulus while engaging in the targeted behavior, the goal being to create an aversion to it

Front 18

Aversive conditions

Back 18

In addition to smoking and alcoholism, aversive therapy has also been used to treat nail biting, sex addiction, and other strong habits or addictions.

Front 19

Babinsky response

Back 19

An important neurologic examination based upon what the big toe does when the sole of the foot is stroked.

Front 20

Behavior as being adaptive

Back 20

1. type of behavior that is used to adjust to another type of behavior or situation. This is often characterized by a kind of behavior that allows an individual to substitute an unconstructive or disruptive behavior to something more constructive.
2. A maladaptive behavior is a behavior or trait that is not adaptive — it is counterproductive to the individual. Maladaptivity is frequently used as an indicator of abnormality or mental dysfunction.

Front 21

Bell curve (normal distribution)

Back 21

The normal distribution can be used to describe, at least approximately, any variable that tends to cluster around the mean.

Front 22

Benjamin Worf’s theory of linguistic relativism (determinism)

Back 22

postulates a systematic relationship between the grammatical categories of the language a person speaks and how that person both understands the world and behaves in it.

Front 23

Binocular disparity

Back 23

Depth cue; the slight difference in visual images reaching the two eyes

Front 24

Blind spot

Back 24

the point at which the optic nerve leaves the eye, creating a "blind" spot because no receptor cells are located there.