Ap Psychology Vocab August 27Th Quiz

Front 1

Empiricism

Back 1

view; knowledge originates in experience, science should rely on observation and experimentation

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Structuralism

Back 2

early school of psychology; used introspection to explore the structural elements of the human mind

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Functionalism

Back 3

school of psychology; focused on how mental and behavioral processes function, how they enable us to adapt, survive, flourish

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Experimental Psychology

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study of behavior and thinking using experimental method

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Behaviorism

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view; psychology should be an objective science, study behavior without reference to mental processes

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Humanistic Psychology

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view/perspective; emphasized growth potential of healthy people, individual's potential for personal growth

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Cognitive Neuroscience

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the interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (perception, thinking, memory, language)

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Psychology

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the science of behavior and mental processes

Front 9

Nature/Nurture issue

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controversy over relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors; today's science believes in an interaction of the two

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Natural Selection

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principle that the inherited traits that contribute to reproduction and survival will be passed onto future generations

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Levels of Analysis

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the different views for analyzing anything psychologically
(Cognitive, Biological, Evolutionary, Psychodynamic, Humanistic, SocioCultural, Behavioral)

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Biopsychosocial Approach

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approach that incorporates biological, psychological and social cultural levels of analysis

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Biological Psychology

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branch of psychology; studies links between biological and psychological processes

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Evolutionary Psychology

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study of the roots of behavior and mental processes using the principles of natural selection

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Psychodynamic Psychology

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branch of psychology; studies how unconscious drives/conflicts influence behavior

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Behavioral Psychology

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scientific study of observable behavior and its explanation by principles of learning

Front 17

Cognitive Psychology

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scientific study of all the mental activities....thinking, knowing, remembering, communicating

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Social-Cultural Psychology

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study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

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Psychometrics

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scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes and traits

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Basic Research

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pure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base

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Developmental Psychology

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scientific study of physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

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Educational Psychology

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study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

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Personality Psychology

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study of an individual's characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and actin

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Social Psychology

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scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

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Applied Research

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scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

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Industrial-Organizational Psychology (I/O)

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application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

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Human Factors Psychology

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study of how people and machines interact resulting in the design of machines and environments

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Counseling Psychology

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branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living, achieving greater well being

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Clinical Psychology

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branch of psychology that studies, assesses and treats people with psychological disorders

Front 30

Psychiatry

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branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders, practiced by physicians who provide medical treatments and psychological therapy

Front 31

SQ3R

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study method with 5 steps: Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse, Review

Front 32

Hindsight Bias

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tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would've foreseen it
("I knew it all along!")

Front 33

Critical Thinking

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thinking that does not blindly accept arguments and conclusions. Examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, assesses conclusions

Front 34

Theory

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explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events

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Hypothesis

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a testable prediction, often implied by a theory

Front 36

Operational Definition

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a statement of the procedures (operations) used to define research variables.
Ex: Human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligence test measures.

Front 37

Replication

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repeating a research study with different participants/situations to see if the outcome is the same

Front 38

Case Study

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observation technique where one person is studied in depth in hope of revealing universal principles

Front 39

Survey

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technique for finding out stuff by asking people

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Population

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group of people from which a survey is taken

Front 41

Random Sample

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sample that fairly represents a population b/c each member has an equal chance of inclusion

Front 42

Naturalistic Observation

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observing and recording behavior in a naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate/control it

Front 43

Correlation

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a measure of the extent to which two factors vary together, how well either factor predicts the other

Front 44

Correlation Coefficient

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statistical index of the relationship between two things

Front 45

Scatterplot

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graphed cluster of dots which represents variables

Front 46

Illusory Correlation

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perception of a relationship where none exists

Front 47

Experiment

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research method in where independent factors are manipulated to observe the effect on the dependent variable

Front 48

Random Assignment

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assigning participants to experimental/control groups by chance

Front 49

Double-Blind Procedure

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experimental procedure where research participants and research staff are ignorant about if the participants have received the treatment or the placebo

Front 50

Placebo Effect

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experimental results caused by expectation alone

Front 51

Experimental Group

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group that is exposed to the treatment/independent variable

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Control Group

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group not exposed to the treatment, serves as comparison

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Independent Variable

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experimental factor that is manipulated, variable whose effect is being studied

Front 54

Confounding Variable

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factor other than independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment

Front 55

Dependent Variable

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outcome factor, the variable that could change in response to the independent variable

Front 56

Mode

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most frequently occurring scores in a distribution

Front 57

Mean

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average of a distribution

Front 58

Median

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middle score in a distribution

Front 59

Range

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difference between highest and lowest scores in distrubution

Front 60

Standard Deviation

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computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score

Front 61

Normal curve

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bell shaped curve that describes distribution of many types of data, most scored fall near the mean; fewer fall near extremes

Front 62

Statistical Significance

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statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance

Front 63

Culture

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enduring behavior, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next

Front 64

Informed Consent

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ethical principle that research participants be told enough to enable them to choose whether they wish to participate

Front 65

Debriefing

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post experimental explanation of a study, its purpose and any deceptions to participants