Ap Psychology Myers 9E Chapter 5

Front 1

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

Back 1

Developmental Psychology

Front 2

Agents that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

Back 2

Teratogens

Front 3

Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation

Back 3

Habituation

Front 4

A concept of framework that organises and interprets information

Back 4

Schema

Front 5

Interpreting our new experience in terms of our existing schemas

Back 5

Assimilation

Front 6

Adapting our current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new information

Back 6

Accommodation

Front 7

The stage (birth - app. 2 years) during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities

Back 7

Sensorimotor Stage

Front 8

The awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived

Back 8

Object Permanence

Front 9

Stage during which a child learns to used language but does not yet comprehend the mental operations of concrete logic

Back 9

Preoperational Stage

Front 10

The preoperational child's difficulty taking another's point of view

Back 10

Egocentrism

Front 11

People's ideas about their own and others' mental states

Back 11

Theory of Mind

Front 12

The stage of cognitive development during which children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about concrete events

Back 12

Concrete Operational Stage

Front 13

The stage of cognitive development during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts

Back 13

Formal Operational Stage

Front 14

Our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age

Back 14

Crystallized Intelligence

Front 15

Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood

Back 15

Fluid Intelligence

Front 16

The fertilised egg; enters a 2-week period of rapid cell division and develops into an embryo

Back 16

Zygote

Front 17

The developing human organism from about 12 weeks after fertilisation through the second month

Back 17

Embryo

Front 18

The developing human organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth

Back 18

Fetus

Front 19

Physical and cognitive abnormalities in children caused by a pregnant woman's heavy drinking

Back 19

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

Front 20

Biological growth processes that enable orderly changes in behaviour, relatively uninfluenced for experience

Back 20

Maturation

Front 21

All the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Back 21

Cognition

Front 22

The principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects; believed by Piaget to be part of concrete operational thinking

Back 22

Conservation

Front 23

A disorder that appears in childhood and is marked by deficient communication, social interaction, and understanding of others' states of mind

Back 23

Autism

Front 24

The fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age

Back 24

Stranger Anxiety

Front 25

An emotional tie with another person; shown in your children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver and showing distress on separation

Back 25

Attachment

Front 26

An optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development

Back 26

Critical Period

Front 27

The process by which certain animals form attachments during a critical period very early in life

Back 27

Imprinting

Front 28

According to Erik Erikson, a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy; said to be formed during infancy by appropriate experiences with responsive caregivers

Back 28

Basic Trust

Front 29

Our understanding and evaluation of who we are

Back 29

Self-Concept

Front 30

The transition period from childhood to adulthood, extending from puberty to independence

Back 30

Adolescence

Front 31

The period of sexual maturation, during with a person becomes capable of reproducing

Back 31

Puberty

Front 32

The body structures (i.e. ovaries, testes, and external genitalia) that make sexual reproduction possible

Back 32

Primary Sex Characteristics

Front 33

Non-reproductive sexual characteristics such as female breasts and hips, male voice quality, and body hair

Back 33

Secondary Sex Characteristics

Front 34

The first menstrual period

Back 34

Menarche

Front 35

Our sense of self

Back 35

Identity

Front 36

The "we" aspect of our self-concept; the part of our answer to "Who am I?" that comes from our group memberships

Back 36

Social Identity

Front 37

In Erikson's theory, the ability to form close, loving relationships; a primary developmental task in late adolescence and early adulthood

Back 37

Intimacy

Front 38

For some people in modern cultures, a period from the late teens to early twenties, bridging the gap between adolescent dependence and full independence and responsible adulthood

Back 38

Emerging Adulthood

Front 39

The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines

Back 39

Menopause

Front 40

A study in which people of different ages are compared with one another

Back 40

Cross-sectional study

Front 41

Research in which the same people are restudied and retested over a long period

Back 41

Longitudinal Study

Front 42

The culturally preferred timing of social events such as marriage, parenthood, and retirement

Back 42

Social Clock