• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/58

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

58 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
memory
an active system that recieves, stores, organizes, alters, and recovers information
encoding
converting in formation into a form in which it will be retained in memory
stored
holding information in memory for later use
retrived
recovering information from storage in memory
sensory memory
holds an exact record of incoming information for a few seconds or less
icon
a mental image or visual representation
echo
a brief continuation of sensory activity in the auditory system after a sound is heard
short-term memory
holds small amounts of information for relatively brief periods
working memory
used for thinking and problem solving
long-term memory
lasting storehouse for knowlege
information bits (stm)
meaningful units of information such as numbers, letters, words, or phrases
information chunks
information bits grouped into larger units
recodes
reorganizing/modifying information to assist storage in the memory
maintenance rehersal
repeating/mentally reviewing information to hold in short-term memory
elaborative rehersal
rehersal that links new information with existing memories and knowledge
contructive processing
reorganizing/updating memories on the basis of logic, reasoning, or the addition of new information
memory structure
pattern of associations among items of information
network model
a model of memory that views it as an organized system of linked information
redintegrated memories
memories that are reconstructed/expanded by starting with one memory and then following chains of association to another, related memories
long-term memory categories
1. procedural memory
2. declarative memory
procedural memory
long-term memories of conditioned responses and learned skills
declarative memory
part of long-term memory containing specific factual information
semantic memory
declarative memory that records impersonal knowledge about the world
episodic memory
declarative memory that records personal experiences that are linked with time and places
episodic memory
declarative memory that records personal experiences that are linked with time and places
tip-of-the-tongue
the feeling that the memory is available but not quite retrievable
feeling of knowing
a feeling that allows people to predict beforehand whether they will be able to remember something
memory tasks
recall, recognition, relearning
recall
a direct retieval of facts or information
verbatim
word for word
serial position effect
most errors in remembering the middle items of a list
recognition memory
correctly identifying previously learned information
relearning
learning again
explicit memory
past experiences that are consciously brought into mind
implicit memory
memory that a person doesn't know exists
priming
retrieving implicit memories by using cues to activate hidden memories
internal images
mental images
eidetic imagery
visual images clear enough to be scanned/retained for 3 seconds
mnemonics
OCEAN
curve of forgetting
graph that shows the amount of memorizes information remembered after varying lengths of time
encoding failure
failure to store sufficient information to form a useful memory
memory traces
changes in nerve cell/brain activity decay
memory decay
fading/weakening of memories assumed to occur when memory traces become weaker
disuse
infrequent retrieval
memory cues
any stimulus associated with a particular memory; enhance retrieval
state dependent learning
memory influences by one's bodily state at the time of learning and at the time of retrival; improved memory occurs when the bodily states match
interference
tendency for new memories to impair retrieval of older memories
retroactive interference
tendency for new learning to inhibit retrieval of old learning
proactive interference
tendency for old memories to interfere with the retrieval of newer memories
positive transfer
takes place when mastery of one task aids mastery of a second task
negative transfer
skills developed in one situation conflict with those required to master a new task
repression
unconsciously pushing memories out of awareness
suppression
an active, conscious attempt to put something out of mind
flashbulb memories
memories created at times of high emotion that seem especially vivid
consolidation
process by which relatively permanent memories are formed in the brain
electroconvulsive shock (ESC)
an electric current passes directly through the brain, producing a convulsion
hippocampus
a brain structure associated with emtoion and the transfer of information from short-term memory to long-term memory
engram
a "memory trace" in the brain