Ap Psychology Consciousness

Front 1

in the beginning, psychology focused on the study of

Back 1

observable behaviors

Front 2

consciousness includes

Back 2

focused attention

Front 3

consciousness does not include

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sleeping, hypnosis,

Front 4

consciousness is defined as

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our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Front 5

conscious processing is

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serial

Front 6

list three biological rhthyms

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-feeling depressed in winter
-five sleep stages
-female menstrual cycle

Front 7

circadian rhythms are

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regular body clces that occur on a 24 hour schedule

Front 8

what is disrupted when we experience jet lag?

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our circadian rhthym

Front 9

cluster of brain cells that control circadian rhythm

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suprachiasmatic nucleus

Front 10

sleep-waking cycles of young people who stay up too late are typically ___ hours in duration

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25

Front 11

alpha waves are prevalent during which stage of sleep

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during the awake and relaxed stage

Front 12

what kind of brain waves are shown on EEGs of awake and relaxed individuals?

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alpha waves

Front 13

sleep spindles predominate which stage of sleep?

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stage 2

Front 14

what sleep stage is characterized by increased heart rate, rapid breathing, gential arousal?

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REM sleep

Front 15

during which sleep stage does the brain generate bursts of electrical activity?

Back 15

REM

Front 16

why is REM sleep called the paradoxical sleep?

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the body's muscles are relaxed
the brain and eyes are active

Front 17

the auditory and visual centers of the brain light up in a PET scan when the sleeper is...

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in REM sleep

Front 18

the sleep cycle is ____ minutes long

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90

Front 19

the effects of chronic sleep deprivation include

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suppression of the immune system
altered metabolic and hormonal functioning
impaired creativity

Front 20

one effect of sleeping pills is to

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decrease REM sleep

Front 21

a person who fell asleep during a heated argument probably suffers from

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narcolepsy

Front 22

according to freud, dreams are

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a symbolic fulfillment of erotic wishes

Front 23

latent content of a dream=

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symbolic meaning not the overt meaning

Front 24

manifest content of a dream

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overt content - i.e. I flew around with a pink elephant

Front 25

people who heard unusual phrases prior to sleep were awakened each time they began REM sleep. The fact that they remembered less the next morning provides support for the ______ theory of dreaming

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information processing

Front 26

what are some theories about dreaming?

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-dreams facilitate info processing
-dreaming stimulates the brain
-dreams result from neural activity originating in the brainstem

Front 27

activation-synthesis theory,

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dreaming represents the brain's effort to integrate unrelated bursts of activity in visual brain areas with the emotional tone provided by limbic system activity

Front 28

when deprived of REM sleep what do people experience?

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REM rebound- increase in REM sleep and more immediate entering into REM sleep

Front 29

modern discovery of hypnosis is attributed to?

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freud ? not sure about this one

Front 30

who is likely to be the most hypnotically suggestible?

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a person with a rich imagination

Front 31

hypnotic responsiveness is

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generally greater in women than men (not 100% sure on this one)

Front 32

how does hypnosis affect memory retrieval?

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-most hypnotically retrieved memories are either false or contaminated

Front 33

posthypnotic suggestions have proved effective in the treatment of what?

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headaches, asthma, stress related skin disorders

Front 34

Are warts effectively treated by hypnosis?

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yes but no more effective than positive suggestion given without hypnosis

Front 35

those who contend that hypnosis is a social phenomenon contend that

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hypnotized subjects become unresponsive when they are no longer motivated to act as instructed

Front 36

those who believe hypnosis is a social phenomenon argue that hypnotized individuals are

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merely acting out a role

Front 37

according to hilgard, hypnosis is

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a disassociation btwn different levels of consciousness

Front 38

hypnosis is

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in part an extension of the division between conscious awareness and automatic behavior

Front 39

hypnosis does not

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-improve memory recall
-lead people to do anything/everything

Front 40

psychoactive drugs affect behavior and perception through

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alteration of neural activity in the brain

Front 41

a person requires increasing amounts of a drug in order to feel its effect because they have developed this

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tolerance

Front 42

do biological factors place some individuals at increased risk for addiction?

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yes

Front 43

is professional therapy needed to overcome a drug addiction

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no

Front 44

do psychoactive drugs lead very quickly to addiction

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no

Front 45

is alcohol a stimulant?

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no- it's a depressant

Front 46

alcohol has the most profound affect on what aspect of memory?

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transfer from short term to long term memory