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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Structuralism
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A study meant to unravel the structure of the mind; introduced by Edward Bradford Titchener in 1892. He preferred to use a method titled introspection that used self-reflection as a means to record sensations in experiences.
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Functionalism
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William James believed the secrets of the mind were within its ability to adapt. Heavily influenced by Charles Darwin, he believed thinking and smelling developed by adaption and need to survive. This method also promotes explorations of how the mind functions and how it allows us to adapt and flourish. (Consciousness serves a function)
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Behaviorism
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This movement was headed by John B. Watson and later B. F. Skinner who both believed that psychology should be an objective science that studies behavior without reference to mental processes.
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Humanistic Psychology
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There were those like Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow that found Freudian psychology and behaviorism were too mechanical in nature. Those individuals focused on the importance of environmental influences and the importance of having the needs for love and acceptance to be satisfied.
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Cognitive Neuroscience
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For those that desired a more scientific approach the 1960’s cognitive revolution supported ideas concerning how the mind processes and retains information. However, the newer cognitive neuroscience tries to bridge the gap between mental (perception, thinking, memory, language) and brain activity.
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Psychology
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the science of behavior and mental processes.
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Nature vs Nurture |
A controversy spanning decades concerning the relative contributions of biology (nature) and experience (nurture).
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Levels of analysis |
These act as the differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to socio-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon.
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Neuroscience |
How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences. |
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Evolutionary
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How the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes
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Behavior genetics
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How much our genes and our environment influence our individual differences
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Psychodynamic
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How behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts. |
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Behavioral
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How we learn observable responses |
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Cognitive
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How we encode, process, store, and retrieve information.
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Social-Cultural
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How behavior and thinking vary across situation and cultures. |
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Counseling Psychologists
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deal with academic, vocational, and marital issues to help improve people’s lives. |
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Clinical Psychologists
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assess and treat mental and behavioral disorders.
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Psychiatrists
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provide psychotherapy in addition to drugs to help treat certain disorders. |
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Hindsight Bias
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finding that something has happened makes it seem inevitable. Often exposes the error of human explanations. |
