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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is consciousness?
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Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
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What are biological rhythms?
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Periodic physiological fluctuations.
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What is circadian rhythm?
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The biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle.
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What is REM sleep?
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Rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur. Also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active.
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What are alpha waves?
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The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.
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What is sleep?
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Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness- as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation.
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What are hallucinations?
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False sensory experiences such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.
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What are delta waves?
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The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.
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What is insomnia?
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Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep.
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What is narcolepsy?
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A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.
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What is sleep apnea?
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A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.
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What are night terrors?
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A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during Stage 4 sleep, within two or three hours or falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.
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What is a dream?
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A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.
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What is manifest content?
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According to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream.
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What is latent content?
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According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream. Freud believed that a dream's latent content functions as a safety valve.
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What is REM rebound?
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The tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation.
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What is hypnosis?
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A social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts or behaviors will spontaneously occur.
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What is posthypnotic suggestion?
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A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.
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What is dissociation?
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A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.
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What is a psychoactive drug?
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A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood.
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What is tolerance?
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The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect.
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What is withdrawal?
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The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.
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What is physical dependence?
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A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.
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What is psychological dependence?
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A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relive negative emotions.
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What is addiction?
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Compulsive drug craving and use.
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What are depressants?
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Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.
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What are barbiturates?
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Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement.
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What are opiates?
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Opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety.
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What are stimulants?
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Drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions.
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What are amphetamines?
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Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.
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What are methamphetamines?
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A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.
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What is Ecstasy?
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A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.
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What are hallucinogens?
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Psychedelic drugs, such as LSD, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input.
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What is LSD?
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A powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid.
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What is THC?
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The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.
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What is a near-death experience?
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An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.
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What is dualism?
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The presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact.
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What is monism?
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The presumption that mind and body and different aspects of the same thing.
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