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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is motivation?
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A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
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What is instinct?
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A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
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What is drive-reduction theory?
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The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
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What is homeostasis?
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A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.
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What is incentive?
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A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.
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What is hierarchy of needs?
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Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.
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What is glucose?
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The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.
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What is set point?
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The point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.
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What is basal metabolic rate?
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The body's resting rate of energy expenditure.
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What is anorexia nervosa?
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An eating disorder in which a normal-weight person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.
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What is bulimia nervosa?
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An eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.
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What is sexual response cycle?
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The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson-excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
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What is refractory period?
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A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm.
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What is sexual disorder?
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A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.
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What is estrogen?
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A sex hormone, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.
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What is testosterone?
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The most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.
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What is sexual orientation?
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An enduring sexual attraction towards member's of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation).
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What is flow?
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A completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of a self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills.
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What is industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology?
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The application of psychological concepts and methods of optimizing human behavior in workplaces.
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What is personnel psychology?
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A subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development.
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What is organizational psychology?
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A subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change.
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What are structured interviews?
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Interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales.
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What is achievement motivation?
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A desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard.
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What is task leadership?
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Goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals.
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What is social leadership?
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Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support.
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