Ap Psychology

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an approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

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eclectic approach

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treatment involving psychological techniques; consists of interactions between a trained therapist and someone seeking to overcome psychological difficulties or achieve personal growth

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psychotherapy

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therapist's interpretations released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight

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psychoanalysis

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the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

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resistance

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the analyst's noting supposed to dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors and events in order to promote insight

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interpretation

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the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships

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transference

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therapy deriving from the psychoanalytic tradition that views individuals as responding to unconscious forces and childhood experiences, and that seeks to enhance self-insight

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psychodynamic theory

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a variety of therapies that aim to improve psychological functioning by increasing the client's awareness of underlying motives and defenses

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insight therapies

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humanistic therapy in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathetic environment to facilitate client's growth

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client-centered therapy

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empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies

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active listening

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a caring, accepting, nonjudgmental attitude, which Carl Rogers believed would help clients to develop self-awareness and self-acceptance

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unconditional positive regard

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therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

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behavior therapy

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a behavior therapy procedure that used classical conditioning to evoke new responses to stimuli that are triggering unwanted behaviors

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counterconditioning

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behavioral techniques that treat anxieties by exposing people to the things they fear and avoid

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exposure therapies

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a type of exposure therapy that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli

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systematic desensitization

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an anxiety treatment that progressively exposes people to stimulation of their greatest fears

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virtual reality exposure therapy

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a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with unwanted behavior

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aversive conditioning

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an operant conditioning procedure in which people earn a token of some sort for exhibiting a desired behavior and can later exchange the tokens for various privileges or treats

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token economy

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therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

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cognitive therapy

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a popular integrative therapy that combines cognitive therapy with behavior therapy

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cognitive-behavioral therapy

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therapy that treats the family as a system; views and individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by, or directed at, other family members

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family therapy

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the tendency for extreme or unusual scores to fall back towards their average

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regression toward the mean

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a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies

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meta-analysis

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clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research with clinical expertise and patient characteristics and preferences

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evidence-based practice

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prescribed medications or medical procedures that act directly on the patient's nervous system

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biomedical therapy

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the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior

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psychopharmacology

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drugs used to treat schizophrenia and other forms of severe thought disorder

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antipsychotic drugs

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involuntary movements of the facial muscles, tongue, and limbs; a possible neurotoxic side effect of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs that target certain dopamine receptors

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tardive dyskinesia

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drugs used to control anxiety and agitation

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antianxiety drugs

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drugs used to treat depression; also increasingly prescribed for anxiety

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antidepressant drugs

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a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

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electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

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the application of repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate or suppress brain activity

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repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)

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surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior

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psychosurgery

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a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients; the procedure cut the nerves connecting the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

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lobotomy

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the personal strength that helps most people cope with stress and recover from adversity and even trauma

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resilience