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38 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
CT Scan
Computed Tomography.
Takes X Rays of the brain.
PET Scan
Positron Emission Tomography.
Patient eats radioactive glucose. Glucose goes to part of brain that is functioning, lighting up that area.
MRI Scan
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer generated images of soft tissue.
fMRI
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Multiple MRI in quick succession. Shows blood flow.
Brainstem
Oldest and most central part of brain. Responsible for automatic functions.
Medulla
Base of brainstem. Controls heart beat and breathing.
Pons
Coordinates movements.
Reticular Formation
Controls arousal.
Filters information and relays important info to the brain.
Thalamus
Brain's sensory switchboard. Recieves information from senses and routes it to higher brain regions.
Cerebellum
"Little brain"
Judges time, modulates emotion, discriminates sounds and textures.
Coordinates voluntary movements with pons.
Limbic System
Includes hypothalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus. Associated with emotions and drives.
Located between cerebral hemispheres.
Amygdala
Controls fear and aggression.
Hypothalamus
Governs bodily maintenance.
Influences hunger, thirst, body temperature and sexual behavior.
Controls master gland-the pituitary gland.
Brain's pleasure and reward center.
Cerebral Cortex
Thin surface of interconnected tissue. Ultimate control and information processing center.
How many nerve cells are there?
20 to 23 billion.
Glial Cells
Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish and protect neurons.
"glue cells"
Provide nutrients and insulating myelin.
Fissures
Folds in the brain.
Motor Cortex
Controls voluntary movements.
Sensory Cortex
Area at the front of parietal lobe that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations.
Parietal Lobes
Recieves sensory input for touch and body position. Top of the head and towards the rear.
Frontal Lobe
Speaking, muscle movement, making plans and judgements.
Occipital Lobes
Back of the brain. Recieves information from the visual fields.
Temporal Lobes
Roughly above the ears. Includes auditory areas, receives information from the opposite ear.
Association Areas
Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not involved in primary motor or sensory functions; rather, higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking and speaking.
Aphasia
Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca's area or Werknicke's Area
Broca's area
Controls language expression-an area, usually in the left frontal lobe, that directs the musle movements involved in speech.
Werknicke's area
Controls language reception.\
Angular Gyrus
Effects your ability to read aloud.
Plasticity
The brain's ability to change by reorganizing after damage.
Neurogenesis
The formation of new neurons.
Corpus Callosum
Relays messages between two hemispheres of the brain.
Right hemisphere of brain
Visual perception and recognition of emotion.
Left hemisphere
More verbal than right hemisphere.
Sensory Neurons
Carry messages from the body to the brain.
Motor Neurons
Carry message from the brain to the body.
Interneurons
Neurons inside the brain and spinal cord.
Dendrites
Bushy, branching extensions that recieve messages and and conduct impulses towards the cell body.
Axon
The extension of a neuron, ending in branching terminal fibers.