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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Accommodation
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Piaget- creating a new schema because a new experience does not fit into our previous ones
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Actor-perceiver bias
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Attribution error: other's behavior due to environment, our behavior due to our own efforts
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Action potential
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The all-or-none firing of a message from one neuron to another
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Adaptation
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Piaget- goal of development is to adapt to one's surroundings
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Alfred Adler
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Colleague of Freud; unconscious controls much of our behavior
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Anxiety disorders
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Excessive anxiety that disrupts everyday life (GAD, phobic, OCD)
Xanax or Paxil often used. |
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Assimilation
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Piaget- fitting a new experience into an existing schema
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Attachment
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Emotional bond between parent and child
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Attribution theory
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We often infer the reasons that a person engages in an activity by observing them
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Axon
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Part of the neuron that carries info from one part of the cell to another cell
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Behaviorism
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School of thought that suggests the environment controls all aspects of human behavior
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Biological approach
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We can understand behavior by examining the brain and the central nervous system
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Albert Bandura
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Social learning theory
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Applied behavior analysis (ABA)
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Therapy or research- understanding the context in which a behavior occurs
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Cataplexy
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Falling into REM sleep while conscious, loss of muscle control
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Cerebellum
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Part of the hindbrain, responsible for motor control, breathing, heart rate
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Classical conditioning
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Pavlov- behavior is controlled by learned associations
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Noam Chomsky
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Linguist, studied how we acquire and utilize language
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Cochlea
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Structure that transduces sound from physical waves to neural impulses (basilar membrane)
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Cognitive confirmation bias
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We look for info that confirms our beliefs about a person, group or situation
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Cognitive psych
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How people think, remember and pay attention
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Cornea
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Outer layer of the eye, bends light to focus on the retina
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Correlation
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Strength of a relationship and how they're related (directly or inversely)
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Cortex
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Outer shell of the brain, 4 parts (occipital, parietal, temporal, frontal lobes)
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Defense mechanisms,
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Freud- protect ego from harm (repression, projection, reaction-formation, displacement, sublimation)
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Dendrite
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Part of neuron that receives info from other cells
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Dissociative disorders
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Break in reality and how it is perceived (psychogenic fugue, amnesia, MPD/DID)
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Ego
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Freud- satisfies the ego within the context of the superego
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Equillibration
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Periodically restructuring schemas to to better fit experience or knowledge
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Forebrain
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Said to contain the parts of the brain that make us different from other animals
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Forensic psych
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Study of how psych and the law interact
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Functionalism
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James- school of thought: goal of psych is to understand the purpose of consciousness
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Fundamental attribution error
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Other's behavior caused by internal factors, not external ones
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Gestalt
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We use cues to organize the world around us (pragnanz, closure)
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Heuristic
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A shortcut used when solving problems
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Humanism
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Free will, goal driven, called phenomenological psych
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Hypothalamus
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Part of brain responsible for motivation
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Id
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Freud- demands immediate satisfaction
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Impression formation
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Shortcuts used to determine how we should act around a certain person
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Inferential stats
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Draw inferences from small samples (t and F tests)
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IRB
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board that decides ethical standards
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William James
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founder of American psych, led functionalism
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Carl Jung
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Colleague of Freud, unconscious and collective unconscious
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Lateral hypothalamus
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Motivation for eating
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Lens
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Changes shape to help focus light onto the retina
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Limbic system
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Part of brain responsible for emotional responses
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Midbrain
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Serves as a pathway of as sensory info is passed from one part of brain to another
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Stanley Milgram
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Obedience, shock experiment
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Mood disorders
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Inability to stabilize moods (Bipolar, Depression)
Prozac, Wellbutrin, Zoloft |
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Morpheme
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smallest unit of language with meaning
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Myelin
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coating around axon that speeds up action potentials
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Neo-Freudians
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theorists who modifies Freud's theories, but maintained that unconscious was cause of any anxiety
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Neurotransmitter
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Chemical message b/w neurons (GABA, serotonin, etc)
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Operant conditioning
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behavior is controlled by consequences
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Operationalism
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Clearly stating the way we will measure a behavior
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Ossicles
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in middle ear (malleaus, incus, stapes)
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Ivan Pavlov
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classical conditioning
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Personality disorders
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Difficulty interacting with others (borderline personality, antisocial personality)
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Phoneme
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smallest unit of sound in a language
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Jean Piaget
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developmental psych- cognitive development
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Pinna
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Outer ear, part we see
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Preconscious
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Part of our conscious we're not currently thinking about, but could access
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Premack Principle
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Reward system
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Prosocial behavior
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Altruism
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Punishment
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designed to stop a behavior (positive or negative)
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Psychoanalysis
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Talk therapy (dream analysis, hypnosis, free association)
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Psychoanalytic Approach
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behavior is controlled by forces of which we are not conscious
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Psychosocial stages of development
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Freud- varying sources of pleasure, may become fixated
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Pupil
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part of eye that opens and closes to allow amounts of light into the eye
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Reinforcement
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designed to increase a behavior (positive or negative)
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Retina
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contains rods and cones
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Schedules of reinforcement
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Fixed/variable ratio/interval
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Schema
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A unit or grouping of knowledge
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Schizophrenia
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Paranoid, disorganized, catatonic (chlorpromazine, Zyprexa, Risperdal)
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Sclera
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white part of eye that provides structure
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Selective attention
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focusing mental energy on one topic at a time
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Semantic memory
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Memory for general facts or knowledge
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Short-term memory
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limited to 5-9 bits of info at any given time
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B. F. Skinner
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Operant conditioning- MVP of the 20th century
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Social facilitation
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We perform better when competing
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Sociocultural approaches
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behavior determined by context of culture
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Somatoform disorders
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No ailment to diagnose, though individual suffers from ailments (conversion disorder, hypochondria)
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Somatosensory cortex
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at the front of the parietal lobe, receives info from different parts of the body
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Spreading activation model of memory
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Memory is organized around themes, we activate nodes which activate connections to related concepts
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Strange situation
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measures attachment
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Structuralism
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Wundt- structure and organization of consciousness
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Superego
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Freud- conscience, limitations of reality
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Synapse
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Gap between dendrites and axons
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Teratogens
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substances taken by a mother that may harm a fetus
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Edward Titchener
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Student of Wundt- first lab in US at Cornell
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Unconscious
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Freud- things too painful are pushed to unconscious, must be dealt with or will cause anxiety
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Ventromedial hypothalamus
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Controls motivation to feel full (satiety)
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Lev Vygotsky
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language and culture influence development more than biology
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John Watson
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early Behaviorist- classical conditioning
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Wilhelm Wundt
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founder of experimental psych- German STRUCTURALIST
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Ventromedial hypothalamus
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Controls motivation to feel full (satiety)
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Lev Vygotsky
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language and culture influence development more than biology
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John Watson
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early Behaviorist- classical conditioning
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Wilhelm Wundt
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founder of experimental psych- German STRUCTURALIST
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