Study your flashcards anywhere!
Download the official Cram app for free >
- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Read
Toggle OnToggle Off
Reading...
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
A key: Read text to speech.a key
Play button
Play button
39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What were Plato's beliefs?
|
Nativist; inherited from parents
|
|
|
What were Aristotle's beliefs?
|
Empiricist; from environment
|
|
|
What aspects of human behavior did Aristotle develop theories on?
|
Learning, memory, motivation, emotion, perception, and personality
|
|
|
Was Descartes a nativist or an empiricist?
|
Nativist
|
|
|
What idea did Descartes dualism precede?
|
Nerves; threads of the body and some movements are made without them
|
|
|
Was John Locke a nativist or an empiricist?
|
Empiricist
|
|
|
What were John Locke's beliefs?
|
Mind a blank slate at birth; knowledge comes from direct sensory experience, as bits of information from our eyes and ears become linked together to form more complex ideas
|
|
|
Who was Herman von Helmholtz?
|
Demonstrated that the impulses in the nerves were not instantaneous and took a finite amount of time
|
|
|
From which two fields of study did psychology develop?
|
Philosophy and physiology
|
|
|
With whom did psychology begin as a scientific discipline?
|
Wilhelm Wundt
|
|
|
What did Wilhelm Wundt do?
|
Founded first psycology laboratory
|
|
|
When and where did Wundt found his laboratory?
|
1879; Leipzig, Germany
|
|
|
What did G. Stanley Hall do?
|
Founded the first psychology laboratory in the United States; founded American Psychological Association in 1892
|
|
|
Where was the first psychology laboratory in the United States and when was it founded?
|
Johns Hopkins University; 1883
|
|
|
When did Stanley G. Hall found the American Psychological Association?
|
1892
|
|
|
What does psychology mean in Greek?
|
"The study of the mind and soul"
|
|
|
Who was Edward Titchener?
|
Used introspection
|
|
|
Who used introspection?
|
Edward Titchener and William James
|
|
|
Who was William James?
|
Wrote the first comprehensive psychology textbook in 1890
|
|
|
When did William James write the first comprehensive psychology textbook?
|
1890
|
|
|
Who was Herman Ebbinghaus and who did he use as a subject?
|
Began a systematic program to research memory; used himself
|
|
|
Who was Mary Whiton Calkins?
|
Pioneer in the study of memory, dreams, and personality; first woman elected as president of the APA
|
|
|
Who was the first woman elected as president of the APA?
|
Mary Whiton Calkins
|
|
|
Who nationality was Sigmund Freud?
|
Austrian
|
|
|
What did Freud focus on?
|
Disturbances on the mind; developed theory on personality and the systematic method of psychotherapy
|
|
|
Why did psychology turn away from introspection?
|
No one can verify what a person is feeling or thinking
|
|
|
What did Edward Thorndike study?
|
Cats and rats
|
|
|
On what subject did Margaret Floy Washburn write her book?
|
Animal behavior
|
|
|
Who was the first woman to receive her Ph.D. in psychology?
|
Margaret Floy Washburn
|
|
|
Who was Ivan Pavlov?
|
Demonstrated that dogs could be trained to behave a certain way everytime a certain stimulus appeared, (classical conditioning)
|
|
|
Who was John Watson?
|
Redefined psychology as the "science of observable behavior," emphasizing the similarities between human behavior and animal behavior, especially in learning
|
|
|
What was the dominant perspective in the 1920's and 1960's?
|
Behavioralism
|
|
|
Who was B.F. Skinner?
|
Popularized the concept of reinforcement and the process of "operant conditioning"
|
|
|
Who was Jena Piaget?
|
Studied intellectual growth in children
|
|
|
What was the trend in the 1960's and 1970's?
|
Place individual behavior in the context of groups and cultures
|
|
|
What was the trend in the 1980's and 1990's
|
Returned to roots in physiology and evolutionary biology
|
|
|
Who was Abraham Moslow?
|
Humanistic phychologist who developd a theory of motivation that emphasized psychological growth
|
|
|
Who was Noam Chomsky?
|
American linguist who influenced the growth of cognitive psychology
|
|
|
Who was Carl Rogers?
|
American psychotherapist who was a supporter of humanistic psychology
|
