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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What were Plato's beliefs?
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Nativist; inherited from parents
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What were Aristotle's beliefs?
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Empiricist; from environment
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What aspects of human behavior did Aristotle develop theories on?
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Learning, memory, motivation, emotion, perception, and personality
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Was Descartes a nativist or an empiricist?
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Nativist
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What idea did Descartes dualism precede?
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Nerves; threads of the body and some movements are made without them
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Was John Locke a nativist or an empiricist?
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Empiricist
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What were John Locke's beliefs?
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Mind a blank slate at birth; knowledge comes from direct sensory experience, as bits of information from our eyes and ears become linked together to form more complex ideas
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Who was Herman von Helmholtz?
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Demonstrated that the impulses in the nerves were not instantaneous and took a finite amount of time
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From which two fields of study did psychology develop?
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Philosophy and physiology
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With whom did psychology begin as a scientific discipline?
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Wilhelm Wundt
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What did Wilhelm Wundt do?
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Founded first psycology laboratory
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When and where did Wundt found his laboratory?
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1879; Leipzig, Germany
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What did G. Stanley Hall do?
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Founded the first psychology laboratory in the United States; founded American Psychological Association in 1892
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Where was the first psychology laboratory in the United States and when was it founded?
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Johns Hopkins University; 1883
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When did Stanley G. Hall found the American Psychological Association?
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1892
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What does psychology mean in Greek?
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"The study of the mind and soul"
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Who was Edward Titchener?
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Used introspection
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Who used introspection?
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Edward Titchener and William James
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Who was William James?
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Wrote the first comprehensive psychology textbook in 1890
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When did William James write the first comprehensive psychology textbook?
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1890
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Who was Herman Ebbinghaus and who did he use as a subject?
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Began a systematic program to research memory; used himself
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Who was Mary Whiton Calkins?
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Pioneer in the study of memory, dreams, and personality; first woman elected as president of the APA
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Who was the first woman elected as president of the APA?
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Mary Whiton Calkins
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Who nationality was Sigmund Freud?
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Austrian
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What did Freud focus on?
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Disturbances on the mind; developed theory on personality and the systematic method of psychotherapy
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Why did psychology turn away from introspection?
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No one can verify what a person is feeling or thinking
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What did Edward Thorndike study?
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Cats and rats
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On what subject did Margaret Floy Washburn write her book?
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Animal behavior
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Who was the first woman to receive her Ph.D. in psychology?
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Margaret Floy Washburn
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Who was Ivan Pavlov?
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Demonstrated that dogs could be trained to behave a certain way everytime a certain stimulus appeared, (classical conditioning)
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Who was John Watson?
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Redefined psychology as the "science of observable behavior," emphasizing the similarities between human behavior and animal behavior, especially in learning
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What was the dominant perspective in the 1920's and 1960's?
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Behavioralism
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Who was B.F. Skinner?
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Popularized the concept of reinforcement and the process of "operant conditioning"
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Who was Jena Piaget?
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Studied intellectual growth in children
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What was the trend in the 1960's and 1970's?
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Place individual behavior in the context of groups and cultures
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What was the trend in the 1980's and 1990's
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Returned to roots in physiology and evolutionary biology
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Who was Abraham Moslow?
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Humanistic phychologist who developd a theory of motivation that emphasized psychological growth
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Who was Noam Chomsky?
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American linguist who influenced the growth of cognitive psychology
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Who was Carl Rogers?
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American psychotherapist who was a supporter of humanistic psychology
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