Ap Psych Memory

Front 1

Sensory Memory

Back 1

The IMMEDIATE INITAL recording of SENSORY INFORMATION in the memory system

Front 2

Short Term Memory

Back 2

Activated memory that holds a few items

Hint 2

Look up phone number and quickly dial before forgotten

Front 3

Long term memory

Back 3

The permanent limitless storehouse of memory

Front 4

System

Back 4

Senses=> short term => rehearsal => long term => retrieval "engrams"

Senses=> working memory "bits" => capacity 5-9 bits => out

Front 5

Hippocampus

Back 5

Short term to long term

Front 6

Working memory

Back 6

Active. How we retain information

Front 7

Memory three stages

Back 7

1) fleeting sensory memory

2)processes into short term bin

3) encoded and put into long term memory

Front 8

Memory three steps part 2

Back 8

1) encoding

2) storage

3) retrieval

Front 9

Working memory

Back 9

Visual and verbal

Front 10

Automatic encoding

Back 10

Little to no effort. Space time frequency. You can LEARN it speaking in another language, ect.

Hint 10

How to get to a room

Front 11

Encoding effortful

Back 11

Attention and conscious effort. Rehearsal.

Front 12

Effortful processing

Back 12

We encode information automatically. But other things require effort and attention.

Back 13

Ebbinghaus to memory as Pavlov is to conditionimg

Front 14

Bits

Back 14

Each word is a bit. Chunk your bits to remember easier

Front 15

Types of rehearsal

Back 15

Rrhersal= deliberate conscious repetition of information

Elaborate= makes connections to previously learned material. Deep processing.

Maintenance= merely repeating information shallow processing

Front 16

Spacing effect

Back 16

Things are better remembered over time

Front 17

Encoding types

Back 17

Visual seeing images or pictures

Aucousitc hearing sounds or rhymes

Sematic meaning of words

Front 18

Self reference effect

Back 18

Remember and learn better if you relate information to yourself

Front 19

Imagery

Back 19

Mental pictures combined with sematic helps remember

Front 20

Mnemonics

Back 20

Memory aids. ROYGBIV

Front 21

Rosy reprospection

Back 21

People tend to recall events like, camping or chirstmas more positively than evaluated at the time

Front 22

Flashbulb memory

Back 22

Emotionally significant

Front 23

Retaining information iconic memory

Back 23

Retaining informationwe have a fleeting photographic memory. Momentary memory of visual stimuli.

Front 24

Echoic memory

Back 24

Momentary stimulation of auditory stimuli

Front 25

Penfield

Back 25

Memories early in life deeper in convolutions

Front 26

Memory formation

Back 26

Formed by neurons coming together. More you use stronger they get

Front 27

Amnesia

Back 27

Classical conditioning. Can't remember near past. Can learn but don't remember

Retrograde=before illness or injury

Anterograde= after illness or injury

Front 28

Explicit memory

Back 28

Memory of facts and experiences that one can continously know and declare. Sematic and episodic.

Hint 28

TAC room or address

Front 29

Implicit memory

Back 29

Retention independent of concious recollection unconscious learning. Procedural learning.

Hint 29

Tying shoes. Hard to explain

Front 30

Cerebellum

Back 30

How to do things classical conditioning lays down memories

Front 31

Amygdala

Back 31

Emotion to memory. Easier to remember

Front 32

Recall

Back 32

The ability to retrieve information learned earlier.

Hint 32

Fill in blank test

Front 33

Relearning

Back 33

Easier to relearn than when you started learniny

Front 34

Serial position effect

Back 34

Remember last and first letters better than middle

Front 35

Tip of the tongue

Back 35

Cannot loctate the desired information in memory. Mental block.

Front 36

Recognition memory

Back 36

Quick and vast. Person only has to identify terms previously learned.

Hint 36

Multiple choice test

Front 37

Retival cues

Back 37

Helps access it key words ect

Front 38

Priming

Back 38

To retrieve information you need to identify a strand that leads to it.

Hint 38

Go through test. See word. Remember answer.

Front 39

Context Effects.

Back 39

Go to old school memory comes back

Front 40

Deja vu

Back 40

Already seen. Been in situation similar before.

Front 41

State dependent memory.

Back 41

What is learned in one state high drunk ect can be more easily remembered in same state

Front 42

Mood congruent memory

Back 42

Retival cues tendency to recall experiences with current mood.

Front 43

Forgetting

Back 43

Encoding failure. Information never enters long term memory. Retrieval, can result from failure to retrieve information from long term memory

Front 44

Proactive

Back 44

When something learned earlier disrupts recall of something learned later

Hint 44

Spanish in grade school. Go to high school, takes french. Sitting in French with Vocabulary test. House is a question. All you can think is casa.

Front 45

Retroactive

Back 45

When information makes it harder to remember something learned earlier

Hint 45

All you can think of is French when your siblings ask what house is in Spanish.

Front 46

Motivated forgetting

Back 46

People unknowingly reverse memory

Hint 46

How many cookies did you eat

Front 47

Repression

Back 47

Defense mechanism that banishes from consciousness anxiety arousing thoughts.

Front 48

Confabulation

Back 48

With enough information brain fills in the blank unconsciously without even realizing it

Front 49

Misinformation effect

Back 49

After exposing to subtle misinformation, many people misremeber. Lie enough and belive lies. Mind doesn't remember

when asked a question brain fills it in.

Hint 49

What kind of facial hair did he have?

Front 50

Source amnesia

Back 50

Attributing to the wrong source an event that we experienced heard about read about or imagined

Front 51

False memory syndrome

Back 51

Condition in which a person's identity and relationships center around a false but strongly believed memory of traumatic experience

Front 52

Adaptability

Back 52

Our capacity to learn new behaviors that enable us to cope with changing circumstances

Front 53

Learning

Back 53

A relatively permanent change in an organisms behavior due to experience

Front 54

Locke and Hume

Back 54

Leaning by association. Our minds naturally connect events that occur in sequence.

Hint 54

Sound associated with frightening experience.

Front 55

Assosiotive learning

Back 55

Learning that certain events occur together classical conditioning. Events may be response and consequences operant conditioning.

Front 56

Classical conditioning

Back 56

We learn to associate two stimuli and thus anticipate events

Hint 56

Thunder lightening

Front 57

Operant conditioning

Back 57

We associate a response and consequences. Repeat the acts followed by rewards and avoid Acts followed by punishment.

Front 58

Classical

Back 58

Pavlov Influenced by Watson. Behaviorism= behavior is conditioned responses.

Front 59

Conditioned response

Back 59

Learned

Front 60

Unconditioned response

Back 60

Salivating

Front 61

Unconditioned stimulus

Back 61

Food in mouth automatically unconditionally trigger salvation

Front 62

Conditioned response

Back 62

Salvation to tone. Association between food and tone. Learned.

Front 63

Conditioned stimulus

Back 63

Previously irrelevant tone not triggered conditional stimulus.

Front 64

Aquisition

Back 64

The initial learning of the stimulus response relationship. Time it takes to learn association.

Front 65

Extinction

Back 65

The diminished responding that occurs what the conditioned stimulus no longer signals an impending unconditioned stimulus

Hint 65

When Pavlov sounded the tone again and again without food, dogs salivate less

Front 66

Spontaneous recovery

Back 66

The reappearance of a weakened conditioned response after rest or pause

Front 67

Generalization

Back 67

The tendency to respond to stimuli similar to conditioned stimulus

Hint 67

Bell and fork

Front 68

Discrimination

Back 68

The learned ability to distinguish between a conditioned stimulus and other irrelevant stimulus

Hint 68

Pit bull vs golden retriever one may not react the same

Front 69

Same stimulus

Back 69

Neutral and Conditioned stimulus are the same

Front 70

Darwin theory

Back 70

Assumes a commonality in all living things makeup and functioning. Constrained by biology

Front 71

Pavlov legacy

Back 71

Classical conditioning is basic form of learning. Organisms adapt to environment. Learn objectively.

Front 72

Instrumental learning

Back 72

Edward Thorndike. Law of effect behaviors followed by positive outcomes are strengthened whole other followed by negative outcomes are weakened.

Front 73

Classical conditioning

Back 73

Associates different stimuli it doesn't control. Shaped by environment.

Hint 73

Flinching.

Front 74

Operant conditioning

Back 74

Associates behavior with consequences. Reinforces increase behavior. Punishment decreases behavior

Front 75

Reinforcement defined

Back 75

Any event that increased the frequency of behavior

Hint 75

If it increases yelling it's a reinforcer

Front 76

Positive reinforcement

Back 76

Strengthens a response by presenting a typically pleasure able stimulus after response

Hint 76

Food for hungry animals

Front 77

Negative reinforcement

Back 77

Strengthens response by reducing or removing adverse stimulus

Hint 77

Asprin relieves headache

Front 78

Shaping

Back 78

Something or someone to expect something.

Hint 78

Paychecks every two weeks

Front 79

Fixed ratio schedule

Back 79

Number of responses. 3 time giving treat 6 time given treat 9 time given treat

Front 80

Variable ratio schedule

Back 80

Slot machine. Random varies.

Front 81

Fixed interval schedule

Back 81

Paycheck. Timing. Anticipated. Scheduled time.

Front 82

Variable interval schedule

Back 82

Pop quiz varies. Change in time.

Front 83

Punishment

Back 83

Reduced frequency of behavior. Taking away something desirable. Phone computer ect

Front 84

Latent learning

Back 84

Incentive to prove you learning it. Maze with rat. Cognitive Map.

Front 85

Overjustification effect

Back 85

Unnecessary reward. Get reward for something already do loose motivation

Front 86

Observational learning

Back 86

Observations of others

Front 87

Positive observational learning

Back 87

Prosocial modules can have prosocial effects positive models. Positive effects.

Front 88

Imitation

Back 88

Power Rangers when watched increased violence.

Front 89

Prolonged exposure

Back 89

Desensitized exposure

Front 90

Ah ha experience

Back 90

Learning just happens.