Ap Psych Important Psychologists Review

Front 1

Alfred Adler

Back 1

neo freudian, concentrated on parenting styles, emphasized inferiority. start off weak when born, strive to overcoming them by becoming superior to others. need to get better drives behavior, emotions. possible to develop inferiority complex

Front 2

Mary ainsworth

Back 2

emotional attachment types; strange situation experiment. kids reaction are seen whilst playing while caregivers and strangers enter and leave. recreate unfamiliar peolple. effects vary in stressfulness.

Front 3

Gordon Allport

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personality into three levels of traits. cardinal traits (dominate and shape) most people lack central theme. central traits: general characteristic found everywhere like personality. secondary trait: seen only sometimes, likes dislikes

Front 4

albert bandura

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bobo doll study, explained social learning theory. aggression is learned through observation and imitation. sparked experiments of violent media on kids

Front 5

Aaron Beck

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father of cognitive therapy, clinical depression. made cognitive triad of depression. depressed people have negative thoughts about: themselves, future, world.

Front 6

Alfred Binet

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french psych. came up with first intelligence test. hired by french public schools to find kids that needed help. IQ formual MA/Catimes 100=IQ. influenced stanford binet

Front 7

Paul broca

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physician. reported that damage to part of left frontal lobe (brocas area) person couldnt form words but still understand it.

Front 8

Raymond Catell

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16 underlying personality traits. known as 16 personality factor model and 16 PF questionnaire. used factor analysis

Front 9

Noam Chomsky

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father of linguistics. theory of generative grammar says he believed in universal grammar. different from skinner because he thought language was innate.

Front 10

Herman Ebbignhaus

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created forgetting cruve. forget most info after 20 min, hour, day. it is exponential like learning curve

Front 11

Paul Ekman

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facial expressions and how they showed emotions. six basic universal emotions. anger, digust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise.

Front 12

Albert Ellis

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developed approach known as rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). helps patients overcome weird beliefs and unrealistic expectations. eliminate self defeating and focus on beneficial.

Front 13

Erik Erikson

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neo freudian. stages in psychosocial dev. based on freuds. stages include crisis that goes two ways. ex. trust vs. mistrust.

Front 14

Hans Eysenck

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intelligence is inherited, personality summed up by two dimensions (super traits). extroversion/introversion and emotional stability (neuroticism)

Front 15

Sigimund Freud

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known as father of modern psych and psychoanalysis. unconscious does everything. psychosexual stages, three parts of mind, derrams, free association and hypnosis reveal unconscious.

Front 16

Phineas Gage

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railroad worker, iron rod through his left frontal lobe. became extremely angry. lead to know that areas of brain affect personality.

Front 17

Howard Gardner

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theory of multiple intelligence opposed spearman one intelligence. eight smarts: language, logic ,music, spatial, kinesthetic, intra/inter person, nature.

Front 18

Carol Gilligan

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thought kohlbergs theory of moral dev. was male centered believed boys are more liekly to apply moral rules to all contexts where girls consider relationships when making decisions

Front 19

Francis Galton

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made idea of nature vs. nurture. sstudied genetics and effect on individualism. thought nature is most important

Front 20

Daniel Goleman

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emotional intelligence. how well you handle emotions. believed that EQ is more important thatn IQ to predict success.

Front 21

Harry Harlow

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raised monkeys with fake moms. one was food the other was comfort. monkeys would go to food but return to comfort one. humans need contact.

Front 22

Ernest Hilgard

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research on hypnosis. creator of hypnosis theory of hidden observer. person in hypnosis can observe his or her pain without feeling.

Front 23

Karen Horney

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neo-freudian. parental indifference leads to neurosis, key to understand is kids perception. kids can overcome oedipus if loving parents

Front 24

William James

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first important psych textbook. (principles of psych.) functionalism movement. cared about function rather than structure of consciousness

Front 25

William James and Carl Lange

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came up with jame-lange theory of emotion. emotions happen because of physio reactions to events. based on how u react, different emotion

Front 26

Carl Jung

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neo-freudian. believed in personal unconscious but also collective conscious. studied masks we wear in social situations

Front 27

Garcia and Koelling

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taste aversion when studying radiation on rats. rats became nauseous because of radiation that was paired with water. didnt like water

Front 28

Lawrence Kohlberg

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3 moral development stages. Pre-conventional (gains or punishment) Conventional morality (uphold social rules to get approval). post-conventional (abstract reasoning)

Front 29

Elizabeth Loftus

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work in study of false memory formation and misinformation effect. car crash experiment. those who were asked with the smashed wording remember glass breaking. no glass broke

Front 30

Konrad Lorenz

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rediscovered imprinting (phase sensitive learning). included Lorenz acting as mother of ducks. critical period for attachment

Front 31

Abraham Maslow

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founded humanistic psych. focuses on individual and choices . humans are good. developed hieararchy of needs that addresses physio needs, safety, love, esteem

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Stanley Milgram

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proved people will do things because authority figure prompts them to do so. exp. teaher would punih with electric shock if wrong answer. 60% increased it all the way

Front 33

Ivan Pavlov

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experiment with dog, discovered classical conditioning. found extinction and spontaneous recovery. dog salivated at sound of tone.

Front 34

Jean Piaget

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cognitive dev of kids. four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete, formal.

Front 35

Carl Rogers

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humanistic psych. use theory of self concept.helped people get to self actualization. developed client-centered therapy. psych talks with client in positive manner.

Front 36

Hermann Rorschach

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made inkblot test designed to reflect unconscious part of personality. shown 10 inkblots asked what they saw in them

Front 37

David Rosenhan

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tested validity of psychiatric diagnosis of insanity, sent fake patients and they were treated. doctors could not tell if real or not

Front 38

Martin Seligman

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found: learned helplessness, dogs who were shocked would not run away with the ability to.

Front 39

Hans Selye

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responsible for general adaptation syndrome, alarm reaction, resistance, exhaustion. third is dangerous and long term effects

Front 40

Stanley schacter and Jerome Singer

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two factor theory of emotion. emotional experience requires conscious interpretation. exp. with college students injected epinephrine to see how they reacted with some happy or mad.

Front 41

B.F. Skinner

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operant conditioning, skinner box (operant conditioning chamber). sought to understand behavior as function of envo history of reinforcing consequences.

Front 42

Charles Spearman

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only one type of intelligence, g factor. tested on standard IQ test

Front 43

George Sperling

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iconic sensory memory. showed people letters quickly remembered most of them. all 9 letters were stored immediatly but quickly forgotten

Front 44

Robert Sternberg

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three intelligence aspects: analytical, creative, practical. more to creativity than what inteligence tests show.

Front 45

Lewis Terman

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revised binets earlier tests, invented Stanford Binet test. thought kids were gifted leaders. felt results showed blacks were less smart

Front 46

Edward L Thorndike

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law of effect principle. rewarded behavior happens and punished doesnt. basis of B.F skinners behavioral tech.

Front 47

Edward Tolman

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studies on behavioral psych. studied latent learning. known for study off learning rats in mazes. rats without reward still learn how to complete it.

Front 48

John Watson

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established behaviorism. recommended to not study unobservable mental processes. Little Albert experiment to prove classical conditioning.

Front 49

Ernst Weber

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notable for work in sensation and difference thresholds. two stumili to be seen as different must vary by a constant proportion not constant amount.

Front 50

Benjamin Whorf

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language and grammer shapes reality. hopi have no past, perception is different

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Wilhelm Wundt

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first psych lab in germany, where introspection was used. focuse on inner feelings (structuralism).

Front 52

Philip Zambardo

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asseses how role playing affects attitudes. fake prison experiment where guards took their job to seriously and prisoners same. experiment was cut short. changed ethicals standards for experimenation.