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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Attitude |
Feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events. |
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Mere Exposure Effect |
The phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them. |
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Peripheral Route Persuasion |
Attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness. |
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Central Route Persuasion |
Attitude change path in which interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts. |
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Cognitive Dissonance Theory |
The theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent. For example, when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting discomfort by changing our attitudes. |
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Attribution Theory |
The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition. |
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Self Fulfilling Prophecy |
A belief that leads to its own fulfillment |
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Fundamental Attribution Error |
The tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition. |
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Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon |
The tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request. |
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Stereotype |
A generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people. |
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Prejudice |
An unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members. It generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action. |
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Bystander Effect |
The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present. |
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Altruism |
Unselfish regard for the welfare of others. |
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Peripheral Route Persuasion |
Attitude change path in which people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness. |
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Group Polarization |
The enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group. |
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Groupthink |
The mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives. |
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Ingroup |
"Us"—people with whom we share a common identity. |
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Outgroup |
"Them"—those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup. |
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Scapegoat Theory |
The theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame. |
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Aggression |
Physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone. |
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Frustration-Aggression Principle |
The principle that frustration—the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal—creates anger, which can generate aggression. |
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Passionate Love |
An aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship. |
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Companionate Love |
The deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined. |
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Social Exchange Theory |
The theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs. |
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Reciprocity Norm |
An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them. |
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Social-Responsibility Norm |
An expectation that people will help those dependent upon them. |
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Social Trap |
A situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self-interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior. |
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Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension Reduction (GRIT) |
Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction—a strategy designed to decrease international tensions |
