Ap Psych-Ch17-Myers

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Psychotherapy

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An emotionally charged, confiding interaction between a trained therapist and someone who suffers from psychological difficulties.

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Ecclectic Approach

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An approach to psychotherapy that, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy.

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Psychoanalysis

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Sigmund Freud's therapeutic technique. Freud believed the patient's free associations, resistances, dreams, and transferances- and the therapist's interpretations of them- released previously repressed feelings, allowing the patient to gain self-insight.

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Resistance

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In psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material.

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Interpretation

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In psychoanalysis, the analyst's noting supposed dream meanings, resistances, and other significant behaviors in order to promote insight.

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transference

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in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)

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client-centered therapy

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a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as the active listening within a genuine,, accepting, empathic enviroment to facilitate clients' growth

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active listening

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empathic listening in which the listener echoes, restates, and clarifies. A feature of Roger's client-centered therapy.

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behavior therapy

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therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors

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counterconditioning

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a behavior therapy procedure that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors; based on classical conditioning. Includes systematic desentization and aversive conditioning.

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exposure therapies

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behavioral techniques, such as systematic desensitization, that treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination or actuality) to the things they fear and avoid.

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systematic desensitization

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a type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

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aversive conditioning

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a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

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token economy

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an operant conditioning procedure that rewards desired behavior. A patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various privileges or treats.

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cognitive therapy

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therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assuption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.

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cognitive-behavior therapy

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a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

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family therapy

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therapy that treats the family as a system. Views an individual's unwanted behaviors as influenced by or directed at other family members; attempts to guide family members toward positive relationships and improved communication.

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regression toward the mean

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the tendency for unusual events (or emotions) to "regress" (return) toward their average state.

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meta-analysis

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a procedure for statistically combining the results of many different research studies.

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psychopharmacology

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the study of the effects of drugs on mind and behavior.

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lithium

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a chemical that provides an effective drug therapy for the mood sqings of bipolar (manic-depressive) disorders.

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electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

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a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient.

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psychosurgery

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surgery that removes or destroys brain tissure in an effort to change behavior.

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labotomy

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a now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients. The procedure cut the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain.