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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Language |
A system of symbols and rules for combining those symbols in ways that generate an infinite number of possible messages and meanings |
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Phonemes |
The smallest unit of speech sound in a language that can signal a difference in meaning |
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Morphemes |
Smallest unit of meaning in language |
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Syntax |
The rules that govern the order of words |
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Semantics |
The actual meaning of words and sentences |
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"Univeral grammar" |
Some grammatical rules are common to all languages |
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Propositions |
Mental statements that express ideas |
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Concepts |
Basic units of semantic memory mental categories for similar objects |
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Prototype |
The most typical unfamiliar members of a category or class |
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Belief bias |
A tendency to abandon logical rules in favor of our own beliefs |
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Confirmation bias |
Tendency to look for evidence that confirms believe her rather than evidence that this confirms it |
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Overconfidence |
Being fixed and saw on the function or procedure of an object that you are blind to alternative |
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Algorithms |
Formulas or precise sequences of procedures that automatically generate solutions |
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Heuristics |
General problem solving strategies like a rule of thumb that we apply to certain classes of situations |
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Representative heuristic |
Using prototypes to judge situations people and objects |
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Availability heuristic |
People base judgements and decisions based on how easily information is available in memory |
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Reasoning |
An aspect of intelligent thinking that allows us to acquire knowledge and solve problems |
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Deductive reasoning |
Top-down from general principles that are held to be true to a specific instance |
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Inductive reasoning |
Bottom-up from specific facts working up to a general principle |
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Pragmatics |
Knowledge of the practical aspects of using a language |
