Ap Psych – Biological Bases Of Behavior

Front 1

Neuroanatomy is ______

Back 1

the study of the anatomy of the nervous system

Front 2

A neuron is ______

Back 2

the principal part of the nervous system and consists of dendrites, an axon, a cell body, and a myelin sheath

Front 3

Dendrites are ______

Back 3

the receiving end of the neuron

Front 4

Dendrites have ______

Back 4

receptor sites

Front 5

The soma is ______

Back 5

the body of the cell

Front 6

Axons are ______

Back 6

the end of the neuron that releases neurotransmitters through terminal buttons

Front 7

Neurotransmitters are ______

Back 7

chemicals released from the axons of neurons which transmit messages to the dendrites of other neurons

Front 8

A synapse is ______

Back 8

the gap between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of another

Front 9

Receptor sites are ______

Back 9

the receptors on dendrites where neurotransmitters that match fit

Front 10

Action potential is ______

Back 10

the charge that travels from one end of a neuron to the other during neural firing

Front 11

The all-or-none principle is ______

Back 11

a principle stating a neuron can only ever be firing or not firing. There is no in-between stage

Front 12

Excitatory neurotransmitters are ______

Back 12

chemicals that when received by a neuron's dendrites serve to excite it towards firing

Front 13

Inhibitory neurotransmitters are ______

Back 13

chemicals that when received by a neuron's dendrites serve to inhibit it from firing

Front 14

Acetylcholine is ______

Back 14

a neurotransmitter that is excitatory in the brain and autonomic nervous system and inhibitory elsewhere. It functions with muscle movement and cognitive functioning

Front 15

Dopamine is ______

Back 15

inhibitory or excitatory and is involved in movement control, pleasure and reward, and attention

Front 16

Endorphins are _______

Back 16

primarily inhibitory, except in the hippocampus, and serve to suppress pain, cause pleasurable feelings, and they work with appetite and cause the placebo effect

Front 17

Serotonin is ______

Back 17

inhibitory and works with things like sleeping, eating, mood, pain, and depression

Front 18

Afferent (sensory) neurons are ______

Back 18

neurons that take in external input

Front 19

Efferent (motor) neurons are ______

Back 19

neurons that help control muscle

Front 20

The central nervous system is ______

Back 20

the central neural network consisting of the brain and the spinal cord, which interestingly can do some primitive processing and commanding itself

Front 21

The peripheral nervous system is ______

Back 21

made up of long axons and dendrites. It contains everything but the CNS

Front 22

The somatic nervous system is ______

Back 22

the voluntary portion of the peripheral nervous system

Front 23

The autonomic nervous system is ______

Back 23

the automatic portion of the peripheral nervous system

Front 24

The sympathetic nervous system is ______

Back 24

the part of the nervous system that is involved in preparing the body for the fight-or-flight response

Front 25

The parasympathetic nervous system is ______

Back 25

the part of the nervous system responsible for calming the body down after it has gotten excited

Front 26

Accidents are ______

Back 26

events that can cause lesions and brain trauma among other injuries

Front 27

An electroencephalogram (EEG) is ______

Back 27

a type of brain scan that reads electrical signals in the brain

Front 28

Computerized axial tomography (CAT) is ______

Back 28

a type of x-ray that produces cross-sectional images

Front 29

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is ______

Back 29

a type of scan that bombards the body with magnetic fields and radio waves to produce an image. It is most favored for discovering brain tumors

Front 30

Positron Emission tomography (PET) is ______

Back 30

a kind of scan that shows biochemical activity in the brain at a given moment

Front 31

The hindbrain is ______

Back 31

the "primitive" part of the brain containing structures such as the cerebellum (which helps with motor skills) and brain stem and involves basic motor function and sensory processing

Front 32

The medulla is ______

Back 32

part of the brain stem that governs breathing and reflexes

Front 33

The pons is ______

Back 33

a part of the brain that controls sleep and arousal

Front 34

The midbrain is ______

Back 34

the informational transfer area for the brain and keeps the forebrain and hindbrain in contact

Front 35

The reticular formation is ______

Back 35

a structure in the brain consisting of the medulla and the pons and is made up of nerves that can immediately activate different parts of the brain to generate bodily arousal

Front 36

The forebrain is ______

Back 36

the most "advanced" part of the brain and is responsible for higher level thinking. It contains structures such as the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus

Front 37

The thalamus is ______

Back 37

the relay station of the brain and relays information to where it needs to go

Front 38

The hypothalamus is ______

Back 38

situated below the thalamus and controls basic body drives

Front 39

The amygdala is ______

Back 39

near the hippocampus and is a small structure that is in charge of the fear response

Front 40

The hippocampus is ______

Back 40

the structure that directs long-term memory to be stored as permanent memory, but it does not contain any memory of its own

Front 41

The limbic system is ______

Back 41

part of the forebrain that includes the amygdala and the hippocampus and is responsible for self-preservation, learning, and memory

Front 42

The cerebral cortex is ______

Back 42

the extensive, wrinkled outer layer of the forebrain and governs higher brain functions

Front 43

The hemispheres of the brain are ______

Back 43

the left hemisphere and right hemisphere, which control opposite sides of the body, and tend to demonstrate brain lateralization

Front 44

Brain lateralization is ______

Back 44

the tendency of one hemisphere of the brain to be more dominant at one process than the other

Front 45

The corpus callosum is ______

Back 45

the structure that connects the two brain hemispeheres

Front 46

Lobes are ______

Back 46

the new way of defining parts of the brain and are the four major sections of the cerebral cortex

Front 47

The association area is ______

Back 47

one of the major regions of the cerebral cortex; the site of the higher mental processes such as thought, language, memory, and speech

Front 48

The parietal lobes are ______

Back 48

responsible for somatosensory processing

Front 49

The sensory cortex is ______

Back 49

part of the brain responsible for sensory information and includes parts of the parietal lobes, occipital lobes, and temporal lobe

Front 50

The occipital lobes are ______

Back 50

responsible for sight

Front 51

The temporal lobes are ______

Back 51

the part of the brain that deals with hearing

Front 52

Brain plasticity is ______

Back 52

the ability of parts of the brain to adapt and take over functions that other parts would previously have managed

Front 53

The endocrine system is ______

Back 53

the hormonal system of the body that regulates it through hormones injected into the bloodstream

Front 54

The adrenal glands are ______

Back 54

part of the body that make epinephrine and norepinephrine as well as aldosterone and glucocorticoids

Front 55

Monozygotic twins are ______

Back 55

identical

Front 56

Roger Sperry was ______

Back 56

a neuroscientist who did split-brain research

Front 57

Michael Gazzaniga is ______

Back 57

a professor of psychology who also does split-brain research and is one of the leaders of cognitive neuroscience

Front 58

Paul Broca was _______

Back 58

known for his research on the Broca's area which was named after him

Front 59

Carl Wernicke was ______

Back 59

the person who researched the Wernicke's area and also worked with aphasia

Front 60

Thomas Bouchard is ______

Back 60

famous for having done twin research