Ap Psych

Front 1

motivation

Back 1

Definition: a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior


Application: When John's mother offered to pay him $50 for every A he received first semester, he began to have motivation to excel.

Front 2

instinct

Back 2

Definition: a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.


Application: Many birds have the instinct to travel south during winter; however, some do not have this trait.

Front 3

drive-reduction theory

Back 3

Definition: the idea that a psychological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.


Application:

Front 4

homeostasis

Back 4

Definition: a tendency to maintain a balance or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.


Application: After eating a sugar-filled breakfast, Lauren's body went through the process of homeostasis to balance her glucose levels.

Front 5

incentive

Back 5

Definition: a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior.


Application: Mary's incentive to her daughter, Jane, was that if she cleaned her room, they'd get ice cream.

Front 6

hierarchy of needs

Back 6

Definition: Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.


Application: In "The Lord of the Flies", the group of boys made a list of hierarchal need like food, water, fire, and democracy.

Front 7

glucose

Back 7

Definition: the form of sugar that circulates in the blood the provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.


Application: Those that have hypoglycemia suffer from extreme drops in glucose.

Front 8

set point

Back 8

Definition: the point at which an individual's "weight thermostat" is supposedly set. When the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight.


Application: When Angela asked her doctor why she'd stayed relatively the same weight for the past fifteen years, she was informed abut her set point.

Front 9

basal metabolic rate

Back 9

Definition: the body's resting rate of energy expenditure.

Application:

Front 10

aneroxia nervosa

Back 10

Definition: an eating disorder in which normal-weight person (usually an adolescent female) diets and becomes significantly (15 percent or more) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.

Application: Because Jane was abused as a child, she developed anorexia nervosa along with anxiety.

Front 11

bulimia nervosa

Back 11

Definition: an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.

Application: Joe felt like he had little to no control over several factors in his life. Sadly, he felt this sense of control through bulimia nervosa.

Front 12

sexual response cycle

Back 12

Definition: the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.

Application: In Health, Ms. Jones broke down the sexual response cycle and its symptoms/signs.

Front 13

refractory period

Back 13

Definition: a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm.

Application: After conducting the act sexual intercourse, John went through the refractory period.

Front 14

sexual disorder

Back 14

Definition: a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning.

Application: Bob, a fifty-year-old man, went to his doctor with a series of questions about his body. He was later informed that he had a sexual disorder.

Front 15

estrogen

Back 15

Definition: a sex hormorne, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males. In nonhuman female mammals, estrogen levels peak during ovulation, promoting sexual receptivity.

Application: Because John and Mary really wanted a child, her doctor suggested to make their attempts during her time of ovulation; ultimately this was because that is when estrogen is at its peak.

Front 16

testosterone

Back 16

Definition: the most important of the male sex hormones. Both males and females have it, but the additional testosterone in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and development of the male sex characteristics during puberty.

Application: During the adolescence, males teen to grow facial hair and form deeper voices due to the increase in testosterone.

Front 17

sexual orientation

Back 17

Definition: an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex (homosexual orientation) or the other sex (heterosexual orientation).

Application: Jobs are now becoming more accepting towards various sexual orientations due to current civil rights movements.

Front 18

flow

Back 18

Definition: a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills.

Application: Once Joe got into his flow, time seemed to fly by.

Front 19

industrial organizational psychology

Back 19

Definition: the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.

Application: The manager took an I/O psychology class and discovered that when employees feel secure in their environments, quality production increases exponentially.

Front 20

personnel psychology

Back 20

Definition: a subfield of industrial organizational psychology that focuses on employment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development.

Application: After majoring in business, Sam decided to take personnel psychology to prepare for his employment process.

Front 21

organizational psychology

Back 21

Definition: a subfield of industrial-organization psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change.

Application: The manager was glad she took organizational psychology because it allowed her to run a successful business with satisfied employees.

Front 22

structured interviews

Back 22

Definition: interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales.

Application: Apple decided to hold structured interviews so that they could rank which candidates were best for the position.

Front 23

achievement motivation

Back 23

Definition: a desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard.

Application: Because Lauren wanted to continuously improve her knowledge, many said she had the trait of achievement motivation.

Front 24

task leadership

Back 24

Definition: goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals.

Application: Joanne excelled in task leadership; however, her social skills were insufficient which was why she did not get the position.

Front 25

social leadership

Back 25

Definition: group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support.

Application: Mary was excellent in the case of social leadership but was too worried about not hurting anyone's feelings; consequently her group failed at completing the task.