Ap Psych- 3&4

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nativists

Back 1

psychologists who emphasized genes and inborn characteristics

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empiricists

Back 2

psychologists who focused on learning and experience, or nurture

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linkage studies

Back 3

studies that look for patterns of inheritance of genetic markers in large families in which a particular condition is common.

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Naom Chopsky

Back 4

linguist, argued language was far too complex to be learned bit by bit

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phonemes

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smallest destinctive sound in a spoken language

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morphemes

Back 6

the smallest unit that carries meaning

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critical period

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the first few years of life where language development is critical

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sociobiology

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an interdisciplinary field that emphasizes evolutionary explanations of social behavior in animals, including humans

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males (as believed by sociobiologists)

Back 9

visually stimulated, dominant, aggressive, sexual (testosterone)

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females (as believed by sociobiologists)

Back 10

auditorally stimulated, tend to shop for the best genetic deal

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heritability

Back 11

the extent to which differences among people are attributable to genes

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lateral hypothalamus

Back 12

feeding system. (when stimulated, you'll want to eat)

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ventromedial hypothalamus

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stop system

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neuropsychologist

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studies of the brain and the rest of the nervous system in hopes of gaining a better understanding of behavior

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peripheral nervous system

Back 15

all portions of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord; it includes sensory and motor nerves

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sensory nerves

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carry messages from special receptors in the skin, muscles, and other internal and external sense organs to the spinal cord which sends them along the brain

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motor nerves

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carry orders from the central nervous system to muscles, glands, and internal organs

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somatic (skeletal) nervous system

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the subdivision of the peripheral nervous system that connects to sensory receptors and to skeletal muscles

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autonomic nervous system

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mobilizes bodily resources and increases the output of energy during emotion and stress

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parasympathetic nervous system

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the subdivision of the autonomic nervous system that operates during relaxed states and that conserves energy

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dendrites

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a neuron's branches that receive information from other neurons, and modify neuronal functioning

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cell body (soma)

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the part of the neuron that keeps it alive and determines whether it will fire.

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axon

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a neuron's extending fiber that conducts impulses away from the cell body and transmits them to other neurons

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myelin sheath

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a fatty insulation that may surround the axon of a neuron

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neurogenesis

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the production of new neurons from immature cells

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synaptic cleft

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where the axon terminal of one neuron nearly touches a dendrite or the cell body of another

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synapse

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the site where transmission of a nerve impulse from one nerve cell to another occurs; it includes the axon terminal, the synaptic cleft, and receptor sites in the membrane of the receiving cell