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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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examines assumptions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions. (smart thinking)
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critical thinking
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the "I-knew-it-all-along" phenomenon.
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hindsight bias
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explains through a set of principles that organizes and predicts behaviors or events; simplifies things.
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theory
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testable predictions
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hypotheses
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reported concepts in research
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operational definitions
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repetition
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replication
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study of 1 individual over a long period of time; great depth.
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case study
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studies many cases in depth.
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survey
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the tendency to overestimate others' agreement with us
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false consensus effect
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the whole group you want to study
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population
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where every person in the entire group has an equal chance of participating
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random sample
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watching/recording behavior of organisms in natural environments. DESCRIBES.
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naturalistic observation
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a trait/behavior that accompanies another; the statistical measure of relationships.
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correlation
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when neither the participant nor the researcher knows whether the participant's group is receiving the treatment; enables researchers to check the treatment's ACTUAL effectiveness
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double-blind procedure
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reduces pain, depression, and anxiety.
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placebo effect
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the condition of an experiment that exposes participants to the treatment - one version of the independent variable.
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experimental condition
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condition of an experiment that contrasts with the experimental condition. Serves as a comparison.
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control condition
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assigning participants to experimental and control conditions by chance.
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random assignment
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the experimental factor that is MANIPULATED, whose effect is being studied.
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independent variable
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the OUTCOME factor; the variable that may CHANGE or DEPEND on the other variable.
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dependent variable
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the most frequently occurring score(s).
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mode
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the arithmetic AVERAGE.
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mean
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the MIDDLE score.
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median
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the DIFFERENCE between the highest and lowest scores.
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range
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a computed measure of how much scores vary around the MEAN score.
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standard deviation
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a statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred by chance
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statistical significance
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the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people and passed down from one generation to the next
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culture
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