A&p Practice Test 4

Front 1

1. Which of the following is the blood vessel that distributes blood to organs?

Back 1

a) arteries

Front 2

2. This is a blood vessel that conveys blood from the tissues back to the heart.

Back 2

d) vein

Front 3

3. Which artery wall is responsible for vasoconstriction?

Back 3

b) tunica media

Front 4

4. This layer of the artery is composed mainly of elastic and collagen fibers.

Back 4

c) tunica externa

Front 5

5. When an artery or arteriole is damaged, its smooth muscle contracts producing

Back 5

c) a vascular spasm

Front 6

6. Elastic arteries function as a

Back 6

d) pressure reservoir

Front 7

7. These vessels make up the largest blood reservoir.

Back 7

d) Veins and venules

Front 8

8. This vessel plays a key role in regulating blood flow into capillaries.

Back 8

b) arterioles

Front 9

9. Which of the below is NOT found in arteries but is found in veins?

Back 9

valves

Front 10

10. Capillaries are also known as

Back 10

a) exchange vessels

Front 11

11. Which of the below is the most important capillary exchange method?

Back 11

a) Diffusion

Front 12

12. These control the flow of blood through a capillary bed.

Back 12

b) precapillary sphincter

Front 13

13. Continuous capillaries can be found in the following tissues.

Back 13

e) All of the above

Front 14

14. The alternate route of blood flow to a body part through an anastomosis is called

Back 14

d) collateral circulation

Front 15

15. The largest factor that promotes reabsorption of fluids, into blood, from the interstitial fluids is

Back 15

c) Blood osmotic pressure

Front 16

16. The pressure driven movement of fluids and solutes from blood into interstitial fluid is called

Back 16

b) filtration

Front 17

17. This is the volume of blood that flows through any tissue in a given time period.

Back 17

c) blood flow

Front 18

18. Blood flow depends on which of following criteria.

Back 18

d) Blood pressure and systemic vascular resistance

Front 19

19. Which of the below would NOT increase blood pressure.

Back 19

e) Decreased cardiac output

Front 20

20. Which of the below factors do NOT increase systemic vascular resistance?

Back 20

c) decreased vessel length

Front 21

21. This depends mostly on the ratio of RBC to plasma volume.

Back 21

b) blood viscosity

Front 22

22. Circulation time

Back 22

c) in a resting person is normally 1 minute

Front 23

23. The cardiovascular center is located

Back 23

d) in the medulla oblongata

Front 24

24. Which of the below factors is most important in forcing blood flow through veins?

Back 24

c) muscular activity

Front 25

25. Which of the below would be the response of the body as a result of decreased frequency of action potentials arising from the baroreceptors?

Back 25

a) Increased blood pressure

Front 26

26. Which of the following hormones would NOT cause an increase in blood pressure?

Back 26

a) Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Front 27

27. Chemoreceptors in blood vessels measuring high levels of blood carbon dioxide would NOT cause which of the following

Back 27

d) Decreased respiratory rate

Front 28

28. The myogenic response make smooth muscle

Back 28

a) Contract more forcefully when stretched

Front 29

29. What do these chemicals have in common: potassium, hydrogen ions, lactic acid, nitric oxide and adenosine?

Back 29

b) They are all potent vasocdilators

Front 30

30. Where can pulse not be felt?

Back 30

d) Capillaries

Front 31

31. This pressure provides information about the condition of the cardiovascular system such as atherosclerosis and patent ductus arteriosus.

Back 31

c) Pulse pressure

Front 32

32. This type of shock is due to decreased blood volume.

Back 32

a) Hypovolemic

Front 33

33. This layer consists mainly of elastic fibers and smooth muscle fibers that extend circularly around the lumen.

Back 33

b) B

Front 34

34. This layer contains a lining of simple squamous epithelium, a basement membrane and a layer of elastic tissue.

Back 34

a) A

Front 35

35. Where is the metarteriole?

Back 35

b) B

Front 36

36. Where is the capillary?

Back 36

d) D

Front 37

37. Where is the postcapillary sphincter?

Back 37

e) None of the above

Front 38

38. This type of capillary wall has an incomplete or absent basement membrane.

Back 38

c) C

Front 39

39. This type of capillary wall is commonly found in the kidneys, villi of the small intestine, choroids plexuses and some endocrine glands.

Back 39

b) B

Front 40

40. What does this figure represent?

Back 40

b) Skeletal muscle pump

Front 41

41. What do the following have in common: superficial temporal artery, brachial artery and dorsal artery of the foot?

Back 41

c) They are all pulse points

Front 42

42. Which of the following is not a response to hypovolemic shock?

Back 42

d) Release of vasoconstrictors

Front 43

43. All the veins of the systemic circulation drain into the

Back 43

e) Superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus

Front 44

44. The pulmonary trunk divides into

Back 44

d) Right and left pulmonary arteries

Front 45

45. In fetal circulation what is the opening between the right and left atria called?

Back 45

d) Foramen ovale

Front 46

46. Which of the below vessels is a pulse point at the wrist?

Back 46

Radial artery

Front 47

47. Which of the below vessels supplies blood to the intestines?

Back 47

Mesenteric artery

Front 48

48. Which of the below vessels supplies blood to the kidney?

Back 48

b) Renal artery

Front 49

49. Which of the below vessels drains blood from the lower leg?

Back 49

) Coronary vein

Front 50

50. Which of the below vessels drains blood from the head and neck?

Back 50

) Jugular vein

Front 51

51. Which of the below vessels drains blood from the lower body to the right atrium?

Back 51

a) Inferior vena cava

Front 52

52. After birth when the umbilical cord is cut what do the umbilical arteries fill with?

Back 52

c) Connective tissue

Front 53

1. Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic and immune system?

Back 53

b) Maintaining water homeostasis in the body

Front 54

2. What is the major difference between lymph and interstitial fluid?

Back 54

c) Location

Front 55

3. Lack of resistance is also known as:

Back 55

d) Susceptibility

Front 56

5. What causes lymph from the small intestines to appear white?

Back 56

d) Lipids

Front 57

6. Which of the following is not considered an organ of the immune system?

Back 57

e) Pancreas

Front 58

7. The left subclavian vein receives lymph from

Back 58

d) Thoracic duct

Front 59

8. The lymph from the right foot empties into the

Back 59

d) Thoracic duct

Front 60

9. The skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps are used in

Back 60

e) Lymphatic, Immune and Cardiovascular systems

Front 61

11. Which of the below produces the hormone that promotes maturation of T cells?

Back 61

d) Thymus

Front 62

12. In the thymus, where is it speculated that T cells die.

Back 62

d) Hasall’s corpuscles

Front 63

13. This portion of the lymph node does not contain any lymphatic nodules.

Back 63

a) Inner cortex

Front 64

14. Which of the following is a function of the spleen?

Back 64

a) Removes worn out blood cells

Front 65

15. Which of these does NOT provide a physical or chemical barrier?

Back 65

a) Macrophages

Front 66

17. Which of these provides a non-specific cellular disease resistance mechanism?

Back 66

a) Macrophages

Front 67

18. These anti-microbial substances will diffuse to uninfected cells and reduce production of viral proteins.

Back 67

e) Interferons

Front 68

19. These anti-microbial substances promote cytolysis, phagocytosis and inflammation.

Back 68

c) Complement proteins

Front 69

20. These are mainly used to kill infectious microbes and tumor cells.

Back 69

a) Natural killer cells

Front 70

21. Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation?

Back 70

d) Mucus production

Front 71

22. Which of the following intensifies the effect of interferons and promotes the rate of repair?

Back 71

c) Fever

Front 72

23. Which of the below do NOT induce vasodilation and permeability (increased fluid flow) to an infection site.

Back 72

c) Perforin

Front 73

24. When B and T cells are fully developed and mature, they are known to be

Back 73

a) Immunocompetent

Front 74

25. This induces production of a specific antibody.

Back 74

b) Antigen

Front 75

26. This can only stimulate an immune response if attached to a large carrier molecule.

Back 75

c) Hapten

Front 76

27. Which of the following is responsible for diversity in the immune system?

Back 76

d) MHC and antigen receptors

Front 77

28. This class of cells includes macrophages, B cells and dendritic cells.

Back 77

a) Antigen presenting cells

Front 78

29. This can only become activated when bound to a foreign antigen and simultaneously receiving a costimulate.

Back 78

b) T Cell

Front 79

30. These display CD 4 in their membrane and are associated with MHC class II molecules.

Back 79

b) Helper T Cells

Front 80

31. T Cells secrete this toxin that is used to fragment DNA.

Back 80

d) Lymphotoxin

Front 81

31. T Cells secrete this toxin that is used to fragment DNA.

Back 81

d) Lymphotoxin

Front 82

33. This class of antibodies is mainly found in sweat, tears, breast milk and GI secretions.

Back 82

b) IgA

Front 83

34. This will lead to inflammation, enhancement of phagocytosis and bursting of microbes.

Back 83

d) Classical and Alternative complement systems

Front 84

35. This action makes microbes more susceptible to phagocytosis.

Back 84

a) Opsonization

Front 85

36. This is a self-responsive cell that is inactive.

Back 85

d) Anergy cell

Front 86

37. In the diagram, where do pluripotent stem cells come from?

Back 86

b) B

Front 87

38. In the diagram, where do T cells mature?

Back 87

a) A

Front 88

39. In the diagram, what is comprised of white and red pulp?

Back 88

c) C

Front 89

40. What does this diagram represent?

Back 89

Ans: The one-way flow of lymph through a lymph vessel.

Front 90

41. In the diagram this vessel drains lymph from the upper right side of the body into venous blood using a subclavian vein.

Back 90

b) C

Front 91

42. In the diagram these are the bronchomediastinal trunks.

Back 91

d) D and I

Front 92

43. In the diagram, what are the principle trunks?

Back 92

d) A,B,D,E,F,G,I,J,K

Front 93

44. In the diagram, this consists of a medulla, medullary sinus and reticular fibers.

Back 93

c) D

Front 94

45. In the diagram, cells found in this region include B cells, follicular dendritic cells and macrophages.

Back 94

b) C

Front 95

46. In the diagram, cells found in this region include B cells, plasma cells and macrophages.

Back 95

e) None of the above

Front 96

49. This is characterized by the inability of the immune system to protect the body from a pathogen.

Back 96

a) immunodeficiency diseases

Front 97

50. An acute allergic response can lead to:

Back 97

c) anaphylactic shock

Front 98

51. A natural exposure to an infectious agent leads to:

Back 98

b) B. Active immunity

Front 99

52. This class of antibodies is produced after an initial exposure to antigens.

Back 99

c) IgM

Front 100

53. Of the following which is involved in the body’s second line of defense?

Back 100

d) Natural killer cells

Front 101

54. Lymphocytes can recognize

Back 101

b) Foreign cells

Front 102

55. In B cell receptors, the light/heavy variable regions are located

Back 102

b) Tips of the molecules

Front 103

56. What is the most polymorphic molecule in the immune system?

Back 103

c) MHC

Front 104

57. The primary response will peak how many days after an exposure?

Back 104

c) 10-17

Front 105

58. Which type of immunity defends against any type of invader?

Back 105

a) Nonspecific

Front 106

59. This is the ability of an antigen to react specifically with the antibodies or cells it has provoked.

Back 106

c) Reactivity

Front 107

60. This is a small hormone that can stimulate or inhibit many normal cell functions.

Back 107

c) Cytokine